کوزہ گر ۔۔۔اور شہر ِ اوہام
عدنان ظفر
ریل کی پٹڑیوں کے پارمضافات میں گاؤں آبادتھا۔ ہر طرف ایک عجیب سی چیختی ہوئی خاموشی تھی۔ راستوں پہ ہر طرف کیچڑ، بارش کا پانی نہ جانے کب سےٹھہرا ہو ا تھا، اور اس گدلے پانی کے کناروں پر جمی ہوئی کائی ماحول کو اور زیاہ ہولناک بنا رہی تھی۔ چھوٹے چھوٹے مینڈک تیزی سے پھدکتے ادھر سے ادھر جاتے اور ٹروں ٹروں کا راگ آلاپتے اس بے جان خاموشی کو چڑہا رہےتھے۔فیروز ایک کوزہ گر تھا ، جو اسی بستی میں ایک جھونپڑی میں محض ٹھنڈی مٹی کے ڈھیر کے سوا کچھ بھی نہ تھا، اور اس نے برسوں سے کوزے بنانے چھوڑ دیے تھے۔اس کی جھونپڑی میں اشیائے ضروریہ کی کمی اس حد تک تھی کہ جیسے فالج زدہ جسم میں حرکت کی کمی ہوتی ہے۔
پس ِ پردہ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔آٹوگراف
اہلِ شہادت ، اہل ِ محسنین اور اہلِ جمال۔۔۔۔۔۔۔!
افسوس کہ کچھ باقی نا رہا ، ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔سوائے آٹو گراف البم۔۔۔!
قحط الرجال ارزاں،
مردم شماری عروج پکڑ گئی، مردم شناسی ناپید۔
لوحِ ایام پہ سفرِ ِِنصیب لکھ دیا گیا ، مگر آوازِ دوست قحط الرجال کی مانند حرفِ شوق ٹھہری ۔آبِ گم کی تلاش کسی زرگذشت کے راہ کا نشان بن گئی اور شامِ شیرِ یاراں کےخیالو ں کا مدفن بنی۔لیکن آٹو گراف پانے کی خواہش ہنوذ جاویداں اور آٹو گراف البم ابھی خریدا ہی نہیں۔
اسے بچپن ہی سے مٹی سے لگاؤ تھا۔وہ گِل و لا سے ایسے مجہور کوزے بنانا چاہتا تھا ،جو نہ صرف حقیقت سے لبریز ہوں بلکہ ان میں انسانوں کی طرح کی وہ عادتیں بھی پائی جائیں جس...
Allah, Himself took the responsibility to protect the Quran. Hadith for the sake of safety of the Quran must also be protected. That is why as a prominent AlUmma scholars created principles to set Sehat (Status) and Zu'f (weakness) of traditions. Each tradition is important to be tested under these principles so that its possible Status and visual is clear. When starting a job prophet (SAW) narrated a tradition of which the name of Allah has taught literature but the tradition has been reported from different words, because of which scholars have different opinions of Sehat and Zu'f of the tradition. So, in this Article a research is presented about the aforesaid tradition.
Field trials were conducted in Abbotabad-Balakot tract (Pakistan), during April 2004 to January 2007 to select cheap, locally available and suitable bait formulations for Indian crested porcupine (Hystrix indica) and tested these for their potentials to carry lethal quantities of rodenticides. Results of no-choice, multiple-choice and paired-choice tests revealed that groundnut was preferred, both in the whole and cracked forms, over maize, wheat, millet, rice, gram and oats. All the food items were consumed in significantly higher quantities than in their whole form, except for rice. Consumption of all the food grains significantly increased with increasing length of its exposure to the novel food, indicating a careful nature of the species in selecting new food. No-choice tests revealed that groundnut - maize 1:1 mixture can be cost effective bait base and its consumption was not signiifcantly different from that of pure groundnut. Saccharin (5%) supplemented groundnut – maize (1:1) bait was consumed in significantly higher quantities, while all other aditives (common salt, egg yolk, egg shell powder, fish meal, peanut butter, mineral oil, bone meal, coconut oil and yeast powder) at both 2% and 5% concentrations and saccharin at 2% concentration did not significantly increase the intake of groundnut – maize (1:1) bait. Consumption of bait, offered after 3 days of pre-baiting, significantly declined when poisoned with 3% zinc phophide and such effects were delayed with 2% and 1% zinc phosphide. Groundnut – maize (1:1) poisoned with 2% zinc phosphide resulted in maximum decrease (55%) in porcupine burrow activity. Strychnine alkaloid (2%) added groundnut – maize (1:1) bait was seriously shuned by porcupine and caused minimum reduction (25%) in burrow activity. Coumatetralyl (0.0375%) added bait caused the highest reduction (80%) in burrow activity. Saccharin (5%) supplemented poison baits were more acceptable and caused some 10% higher reduction in burrow activity using allpoison cereal bait formulations. Field trials on fresh food items suggested that guava was preferred over potato, carrot and sweet potato. Peanut butter did not significantly increase consumption of guava. Consumption of zinc phosphide impregnated guava, offered after 3 days of pre- baiting, exhibited a decline and no bait was consumed on 3 rd day of poison baiting. Decline was the most rapid with 3% zinc phosphide and minimum with 1% zinc phosphide. Maximum reduction in burrow activity (55%) was recorded with 2% zinc phosphide, followed by 1% (35%) and 3% (25%). Fumigation of porcupine burrows with aluminium phosphide tablets produced 100% reduction in burrow activity, by applying 8 tablets per burrow, 85%, by 6 tablets and 75% by 4 tablets per burrow. A 100% reduction in burrow activity was recorded by applying 4 tablets of aluminum phosphide per burrow in small, 6 tablets in medium and 8 tablets in large burrows. The present study suggested that initial control of the porcupine can be achieved by applying 2% zinc phosphide using guava or 1:1 groundnut – maize mixture supplemented with 5% saccharin. Coumatetralyl (0.0375%) poisoned bait can give a higher control of porcupine, yet involves a higher labour cost and can used as a second line of action. Fumigation of burrows with aluminum phosphide is though cost effective and can be used in the porcupine management programme, yet is non- specific in its action and hence can be pressed into action under emergent conditions only.