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کوئی بھی درمیاں حائل نہیں ہے

کوئی بھی درمیاں حائل نہیں ہے
بظاہر اب کوئی مشکل نہیں ہے

مجھے لگتا ہے یاں پہ ایک پتھر
ترے سینے میں جیسے دل نہیں ہے

محبت کیا ہے بس نقصان دل کا
سوائے غم کے کچھ حاصل نہیں ہے

طبیعت کو نہ جانے کیا ہوا ہے
کہ بھاتی اب کوئی محفل نہیں ہے

مرے قاتل ہیں میرے یار تائبؔ
زمانہ تو مرا قاتل نہیں ہے

Legal Authority of the Prophet Muhammad and the Orientalists: A Critical Study

Civic behavior reflects the values related to individual’s attitude towards family, peer group, and neighborhood and includes the way one behaves in the society and community as a whole. The purpose of the present study is to describe what civic behavior is, its characteristics, its status in the Hadith, and the way forward for improvement of the civic behavior as guided by Sīrah of the Holy Prophet (ﷺ). Study implies that truthfulness, mercifulness, polite talk, helping others, respect for others, caring and sharing and promise-keeping, loyalty, sympathy, honesty, kindness, brotherhood, cooperation, fairness and unity are the core qualities that make the individual a civilized and active citizen and our Holy Prophet (ﷺ) is the embodiment of all these virtues. Descriptive approach was followed to explain and analyze the concept. First the concept of civic behavior was interpreted, then its importance and characteristics were discussed. After that it was explored in the light of the teachings of the Quran and the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ). The findings highlight that the civic behavior in its best form was preached and practiced by the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) and his companions. Each dimension was interpreted in the light of the Quran and the Sīrah. It was concluded that Sīrah of the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) is an immaculate source of guidance and inspiration for not only Muslims but also for the whole mankind in acquiring the core values and abilities that determine the Civic behavior of an individual which ultimately results into a well-organized, peaceful and civilized society The study suggests that civic behavior of the citizens has significant impact on the formation and development of a peaceful society. It is recommended that civic behavior as reflected in the life of and practiced by the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) should be promoted and practiced for achieving a civilized social setup.

Subdivision Schemes and Their Applications in Geometric Modeling

Subdivision is a basic tool to describe smooth curves and surfaces in computer aided geometric design. Since no single subdivision scheme can be adequate for every situation so, there is always a space to present new schemes. The main purpose of this dissertation is to introduce different kinds of subdivision schemes for curve and surface designing based on arity and complexity. Several explicit formulae for generation of mask of subdivision schemes are presented. Many well known existing schemes are special cases of our proposed schemes. Convergence and smoothness of stationary and non-stationary subdivision schemes are evaluated by using Laurent polynomial method and asymptotic equivalence technique respectively. Some of remarkable properties of proposed subdivision schemes like Hölder regularity, support of basic limit function, error bounds, total absolute curvature, artifact, shrinkage effect, limit stencil, convexity preservation, affine invariance and reproduction are discussed. The applications of the schemes developed have also been depicted through different examples.
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