Search from the Journals, Articles, and Headings
Advanced Search (Beta)
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...

پرنس کائتانی

پرنس کائتانی ؍ پروفیسر گویدی ؍ پروفیسر اسنوک ہرخردنئے
امسال مرحوم مارما ڈیوک پکتھال کے علاوہ ن کو ہم سب جانتے تھے، کئی نامور مستشرقین نے وفات پائی، اٹلی کے پرنس کائتانی اور پروفیسر گویدی اور لائڈن کے پروفیسر اسنوک ہر خردنئے نے امسال ہماری دنیا کو الوداع کیا، پرنس کائتانی تاریخ اسلام کے عالم اور گویدی عربوں کے ریاضیات اور جغرافیہ کے ماہر اور اسنوک ہر خردنئے ’محمڈنزم‘ نامی کتاب کے مصنف ہیں جس کو انھوں نے خطبہ کی صورت میں امریکہ کی ’’مجلسِ تاریخِ مذاہب‘‘ میں پیش کیا تھا اور بھی دوسری کتابیں اور مضامین ان کے قلم سے نکلے تھے۔ (سید سلیمان ندوی، اکتوبر ۱۹۳۶ء)

COMPARATİVE ANALYSİS OF PUBLİC AND PRİVATE SCHOOLS İN THE PERSPECTİVE OF QUALİTY EDUCATİON

Whenever we chronically morph into the history of the American intervention in Afghanistan it adheres to the fact that the war on terror was a rigid response of US aggression towards their failure in resisting the 9/11 attack of 2001 or for the sack of utter humanity or humanitarian rights. But on the contrary, many analysts and scholars on realistic ground justify the notion of war on terror as a strategic war which none the less determined the most figure of sustenance of US- hegemony in South Asia along with enormous illustrations of uncountable violation of human rights or the right of liberty the US administration, under the prism of liberalism. And now when the NATO alliance has existed from Afghanistan after a long constitutive war of 20 years without a remediate response, it enacts a dispersed or iconic philosophical thought that was the war on terror was a success or utter failure? The article will foretell the events that led to the war on terror from USA perspectives and policies its decisive defeat along with the rising of Taliban government with future threat and ties of it among state, under the prism of realism or the realist school of thought.

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Thermoresponsive Drug Delivery: Fabrication and Evaluation

Thermoresponsive drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed for the controlled and targeted release of therapeutic payload by exploiting the hyperthermic temperature (>39°C), which may be applied by some external means or an encountered symptom in inflammatory diseases such as cancer, arthritis etc. However, available thermoresponsive DDS, including liposomes, have complex method of preparation involving toxic solvents and reagents. Recently, we have shown for the first time that melting point of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) can be optimized for thermoresponsive drug release by tuning their melting point (MP). The objective of this study was to provide some strong evidence in support of hypothesis that thermoresponsive solid lipid nanoparticles (TSLN) undergo solid-liquid phase transition at their melting point (>39ºC) leading to faster drug release. Thermoresponsive lipid mixtures (TLM) were prepared by mixing solid (lauric, myristic, palmitic and stearic acid) and liquid (oleic and linoleic acid) natural fatty acids in different ratios (0.1:1 to 1:2) and melting point was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A graph was plotted between liquid content in TLM and the MP, and TLM that would melt at 39°C were identified by using straight line equation of the graph. The solidliquid phase transition was assessed by determination of temperature dependent change in viscosity (low at 39°C) and light transmission (higher at 39°C) that are characteristic of liquids. TSLN containing a chemotherapeutic drug, either hydrophilic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or lipophilic paclitaxel, were synthesized by hot melt encapsulation method. It should be noted that the TLM and the TSLN were made by physical interaction of materials and no chemical reaction was needed. The TSLN showed desirable spherical shape (TEM), size (100-300 nm), physicochemical stability (FTIR analysis), high yield (>85%) and encapsulation efficinecy (5-FU >40% and paclitaxel >90%). In 5-FU loaded TSLN, drug release studies were first performed by USP type II dissolution apparatus in PBS (7.4) at 37°C and 39°C. A sustained release pattern was observed at 37°C and 22-34% 5-FU was released in 5 hrs. On the other hand, >90% drug was released at 39°C suggesting that the SLN show thermoresponsive drug release in agreement with our hypothesis. Drug release from SLN at 39°C was similar to model oleic acid and linoleic acid nanoemulsions which further supports our hypothesis. Next, a quick and real-time differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) based electrochemical chemical detection method was developed using a graphite electrode to detect change in current with 5-FU concentration while increasing voltage was applied on reference and counter electrodes. This method also showed that sustained release pattern of 5-FU at 37°C was converted to an immediate drug release when heated to 39°C, thus, confirming the thermoresponsive drug release. In case of paclitaxel loaded TSLN, drug release was minimum at 37°C and 70-100% drug release achieved after 60 hrs. On the other hand, whole drug was released in 4-7 hours at 39°C. This 15-20 time higher drug release at hyperthermic conditions confirmed the thermoresponsive drug release from the TSLN. Blank SLN were found to be biocompatible with human gingival fibroblast cells (PCS- 201-108) although and breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). However, 5-FU loaded SLN showed some cytotoxicity after 24 hours which was due to the release of drug. 5-FU loaded SLN showed thermoresponsive cytotoxicity to breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) as cytotoxicity was higher at 39°C (22-28%) compared to 37°C (<10%) within 1 hour. Similarly, paclitaxel loaded TSLN showed higher cytotoxicity to glioblastoma cells at 39°C (31% cell viability after one hour) compared to 37°C (18% cell viability). The higher cytotoxicity at 39°C was due to the higher drug release. Finally, the TSLN were evaluated for brain targeting across blood brain barrier (BBB) and an in vitro BBB model was used consisting astrocytes (CRL-2541) and endothelial cells (b.End3). The BBB model was optimized at 39°C for 1 hour duration due to retention of semipermeable nature and lack of paclitaxel and heat related toxicity. The TSLN showed higher permeability across BBB at 39°C which may be attributed to the deformable liquid state that squeezes through the tight junctions of BBB without any damaging effects. In conclusion, the novel TSLN reported in this thesis may serve as safe and effective platform of thermoresponsive targeting of cancer.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.