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شیما رضوی
شیما رضوی
(اشتیاق احمد ظلی)
یہ سطریں لکھی جاچکی تھیں کہ اترپردیش اردو اکیڈمی کی سابق چیرمین محترمہ شیما رضوی کے اچانک انتقال کی خبر بھی آئی، سیاسی نظریات سے قطع نظر وہ دارالمصنفین کی قدرداں تھیں، مولانا اصلاحی مرحوم سے عقیدت رکھتی تھیں، ان سے اردو والوں کو توقعات بھی تھیں۔ وزارت اور اہم عہدوں کے حصول کے بعد بھی، خاندانی شرافت اور تربیت کے زیور سے آراستہ رہیں، دعا ہے کہ اﷲ تعالیٰ ان سب سے مغفرت و رحمت کا معاملہ فرمائے، آمین۔ ( اگست ۲۰۰۹ء)
Faculty Perspective on the Challenges Faced During Implementation of Integrated Curriculum
Background: Curriculum is a dynamic thing that has evolved over the years to ensure the competency of health care professionals. Due to guidelines issued by international accrediting agencies, University College of Medicine & Dentistry implemented an integrated modular curriculum in 2015 that is coordinated and coherent. Objectives: The objective of this study was to explore the difficulties that the faculty faced while implementing an integrated curriculum for the undergraduate dental program (BDS) at the University College of Dentistry, The University of Lahore. Methods: This descriptive exploratory study was conducted from September 2020 till January 2021 at University College of Dentistry, The University of Lahore. Thirty-five faculty members were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed thematically after being transcribed. Results: Six themes emerged from the analysis of interviews. These themes were: working environment, distribution of workload, communication, faculty development and retention, evaluation and leadership. Conclusions: Integrated curriculum may be the need of the hour; however, its implementation comes with a set of challenges, which include a non-conducive working environment, uneven distribution of workload, absence of a sound faculty development and retention program, or absence of adequate resources. These factors may hinder the implementation of the integrated curriculum.Physiological Responses of Field Grown Lemongrass Cymbopogon Citratus to Seasonal Changes
A population of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) was investigated in this research for changes in metabolite profiles in the leaves of different ages i.e. penultimate (second fully expanded leaf from the top), middle (a leaf from the central position of a tiller) and bottom (a lowermost green leaf on a tiller) with changing seasons round the year for two consecutive years (2010-2011). Measurements were made for some primary and secondary metabolites while the essential oils profile of leaves was analyzed using GC-MS. The photosynthetic pigments displayed sharp variations in the leaves of different ages with changes in the environmental conditions. Higher chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid were recorded during summer months. The accumulation trends of osmolytes in lemongrass showed notable seasonal variation. The accumulation of total free amino acids, free proline and GB were higher during summer months. The antioxidant enzymes minimized the effect of oxidative damage by scavenging H 2 O 2 and reuced MDA contents in extreme environmental conditions especially during summer. The younger leaves of lemongrass exhibited much higher concentrations of vitamins as compared to bottom leaves. The secondary metabolites i.e. alkaloid, phenolic and flavonoid contents in lemongrass leaves were markedly increased with increased temperature. Seasonal variation affected the nutritional profile of lemongrass substantially. The production of NDF ADF, ADL, cellulose and starch was greater during summer. Cellulose and silica contents were higher in bottom leaf possibly due to plant aging. Starch content was higher in penultimate leaf, which declined with leaf age. Mineral concentration of lemongrass appears to be largely dependent on temperature and evapotranspiration. The GC-MS analysis of lemongrass oil carried out in the leaf samples collected during January, April, July and October revealed that out of 54 compounds analyzed, neral, citral, geranial, allerthin, caryophyllene oxide were major ones synthesized in various sesasons.Journals by Discipline
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