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پنڈت برجموہن وتاتر یہ کیفیؔ

پنڈت برجموہن دتاتریہ کیفی
ادھر کئی مہینوں سے علم و ادب کے اکابر کی موت کا ایسا سلسلہ قائم ہے کہ کوئی مہینہ ناغہ نہیں جاتا جس میں کسی نہ کسی صاحبِ علم کا ماتم نہ کرنا پڑتا ہو، ان میں سب سے بڑا حادثہ پنڈت برجموہن و تاتریہ کیفی کی وفات کا ہے، اگرچہ ان کی عمر نوے سال سے زیادہ ہوچکی تھی، مگر وہ ہماری مشترک تہذیب کی بڑی اہم یادگار تھے، اور انکی موت سے اس کا ایک بڑا ستون گرگیا، ان کی ذات میں اس تہذیب کی تمام خوبیاں اور وضعداریاں جمع تھیں، اردو زبان سے ان کو عشق تھا،اور اس کے وہ بڑے ماہر ومحقق تھے، اور اس کی باریکیوں پر ان کی بڑی گہری نظر تھی، جس پر ان کی نثر و نظم کی تصانیف شاہد ہیں، اس لیے ان کی موت ایک بڑا ادبی و تہذیبی حادثہ ہے۔
وہ نصف صدی سے زیادہ اپنے قلم و زبان سے اردو کی خدمت کرتے رہے، اور سر دو گرم کسی دور میں بھی ان کا قدم پیچھے نہ ہٹا، حتی کہ اس دور میں بھی جبکہ فرقہ پرستی نے اردو کی حمایت کو ایک قومی جرم بنادیا ہے، اور ہندووں میں جو لوگ اردو کو اپنی مادری زبان سمجھتے ہیں اور دل سے اس کے حامی ہیں، وہ بھی بہت کم اس کے اظہار کی جرأت کرسکتے ہیں، اردو کی وفاداری پر جو لوگ قائم رہ گئے ہیں، ان میں پنڈت کیفی سب سے نمایاں تھے، وہ برابر اس کے لیے سینہ سپر رہے، اور جب تک ان میں لکھنے پڑھنے اور چلنے پھرنے کی سکت باقی رہی وکالت کرتے رہے، انجمن ترقی اردو ہند کے نائب صدر تھے مگر ادھر چند سال سے ضعف پیری نے بالکل معذور کردیا تھا، ان کی پوری زندگی علمی ادبی مشاغل میں گذری اور اردو...

عورت کی وراثت اور پاکستان میں سماجی و قانونی حیثیت کا اسلامی تعلیما ت کی روشنی میں تحقیقی جائزہ

The Holy Quran is seen as the ultimate source of guidance and knowledge in Islam. It defines inheritance as automatic transfer of possession by which estate person transfers to the heirs as succession. In the Quran Surat Al Nisa explains about inheritane in just a manner that is due to each individual, male female. This Surah of the Quran has clearly specifies that women should no longer be treated as cattle and commodities, but as individuals, they have the legal right to inherit. The Quran mentions plainly the women right of inheritance in Surat Al Nisa : “ Allah Charge you concerning (i provision for) your children : to the male equivalent of the portion of two females, and if there be women more than two, then theirs is two-third of inheritance, and there be one(only) then the half. Islam gives the women right of inheritance, but the practical situation is different in society and country laws of inheritance. Women are often deprived of this fundamental right especially when it comes inheritance of immoveable assets i.e land. There are numerous reasons to deprive women from inheritance, for example cultural practices such as considering dowry as an alternate to inheritance etc. But the major cause is lack of knowledge and awareness regarding Shariah Law and state legislature due to rampant literacy and dominant role of customs and culture. This research article is an attempt to describe Islamic Law of inheritance along with the extensive study to analyze the practical social and legal status in Pakistani society, and awareness among the women of Pakistan.

Molecular Typing of Methicillin by Waseem Shehzad Abbasi U from Pakistan, India and Kuwait Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Mrsa

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are a worldwide problem and prevalence of MRSA is increasing with a phenomenal rate. MRSA has developed resistance against a number of commonly used antibiotics. A number of diseases are caused by MRSA including fatal diseases like septicemia, endocarditis and staphylococcal pneumonia. In recent years, morbidity and mortality due to MRSA infections has increased. To aid in diagnosis, various methods have been used to identify and classify Staphylococcus aureus. A diverse range of molecular methods has been applied to reach accurate diagnosis in order to contain and control the MRSA U infections successfully. Phenotyping methods such as antibiogram lack accuracy and discriminatory power. Various genotyping methods including, length polymorphism fragment restriction plasmid analysis, multi locus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) analysis, (RFLP), pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis, restriction modification (RM) test and multi locus sequence typing (MLST) has been used in various epidemiological studies to investigate outbreaks and pattern of spread of MRSA infections. Present work focuses on molecular typing of MRSA from three countries, Pakistan, India and Kuwait. VNTR- based staphylococcal interspersed repeat units (SIRU) typing along with PFGE, RM typing and MLST was used to analyze MRSA from these three countries. A total of 114 MRSA isolates from Kuwait (n=81), Pakistan (n=22) and India (n=11) were included in the study. MRSA isolates from Pakistan and India showed clonal complex CC8 and CC30 while MRSA isolates from Kuwait belonged to CC1, CC5, CC8, CC22, CC30 and CC45. CC8 was the predominant clonal complex found in these three countries. MLST of these MRSA isolates revealed that sequence type (ST) 239, ST30, and ST113 were found in Pakistani and Indian MRSA. ST239, ST80, ST36, ST22 and ST 133 were found in MRSA from Kuwait. ST239 was the predominant ST in these three countries. SIRU typing resolved 81 MRSA isolates from Kuwait into 49 discrete profiles, 41 SIRU profiles were unique in these MRSA isolates.
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