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تمھارے ساتھ کے سب استخارے چھوٹ گئے

تمھارے ساتھ کے سب استخارے چھوٹ گئے
ملے ہیں درد خوشی کے سہارے چھوٹ گئے

ہمارے حصے میں آئے جفا کے سب موسم
وفا کریں گے جو کہتے تھے سارے چھوٹ گئے

نظر نظر میں دیے سب نے کتنے درد ہمیں
سرور و لطف کے تھے جو نظارے چھوٹ گئے

ہماری نائو کے درپے بھنور ہزار ہوئے
جو منزلوں کا نشاں تھے کنارے چھوٹ گئے

ہے پور پور میں ٹھہرا فضاؔ کی درد نیا
خوشی کے لمحے جو مل کے گزارے چھوٹ گئے

Sufism and Personality Development

Personality development is the process of improvement in behaviors and attitudes to make an individual a unique person. Sufism brings about positive changes in the behaviors of individuals. The positive changes are brought through moral development within   inductive environment griped by building of character. Moral development guides through “Zuhud” and “Taqwa” for minimization of material luxuries, enhancement of repentance and self-purification. The purpose of moral development is achieved with an institution articulated with teacher-student (Murshid-Murid) relationships; this environment ensures the provision of guidance and scholarships for the engaged students. The engagement of students revolves around knowledge, awareness and behavior. In the dimension of knowledge students are helped with raising moral and spiritual awarenessto enhance firmness in faith and encouragement towards good deeds. In addition, behavioral (amal) dimension is covered with remembrance of Allah, optional prayers, fasting services, alms giving along with obligatory ones. All these behavioral deeds are performed with devotion for the sake of closeness “Taqarrub” to Allah. Finally, ma’rifat (Recognition) is applied to secure soundness in building of character.

Diagnostic Utility of Who Defined Sepsis Syndromic Criteria With Procalcitonin in Identification of Sepsis in Children With Suspected Infections

Title: Diagnostic Utility of WHO Defined Sepsis syndromic Criteria with Procalcitonin in Identification of Sepsis in Children with Suspected Infections Background: Bacterial infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children but accurate and timely diagnosis remains a challenge to the frontline clinicians. Cultures of sterile bodily specimens are considered the gold standard but are insensitive and results are delayed. Procalcitonin (PCT) has recently emerged as a biomarker with high sensitivity and specificity making it superior to culture based techniques performed in non-ideal circumstances which prevail in resource poor settings. This study investigated the diagnostic utility World Health Organization (WHO) defined criteria for sepsis in diagnosis of bacterial sepsis using procalcitonin (PCT) as the “gold standard”. Methods: This was a prospective survey conducted between July to October 2014 whose primary objective was to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of WHO definitions of sepsis syndromes using procalcitonin as the ‘gold standard’ in children with suspected infections. Our secondary objective was to investigate association between PCT elevation and severity of disease and other markers of sepsis. The study was conducted at the paediatrics casualty of the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi (AKUHN) and enrolled children aged >30 days and ≤15 years with suspected infection. This was defined as presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) (abnormal temperature (>38.5°C or12hours. Children with obvious causes of SIRS such as mechanical/surgical trauma, severe burns, cancer, and without parental/guardian consent were excluded. A standard clinical proforma that allowed classification into various WHO clinical sepsis syndromes for enrolled patients was fulfilled by attending clinician. Blood sample of 0.5ml was collected and PCT test done. Sensitivity (Sp), specificity (Sn), negative and positive predictive values (NPV, PPV), and positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+, LR-) were calculated for the WHO syndromic definitions. The gold standard for bacterial sepsis was defined as PCT level ≥0.5μg/l. Logistic regression was done and odds ratios calculated to test for association between procalcitonin and disease severity/clinical signs. Kaplan Meier survival analysis was done to compare duration of hospitalisation in various sub-groups. Results: A total of 231 children were enrolled and 22% (51 children) fulfilled criteria for WHO sepsis syndrome. WHO sepsis syndromes definitions had low Sn, 56.9% (95% CI; 50.5%, 63.3%) and Sp, 66.7% (95% CI; 60.6%, 72.8%) for diagnosis of sepsis. PPV was 32.6% (95% CI; 26.5%, 38.6%) and NPV was 84.5% (95% CI; 79.8% 89.2%). Presence of WHO
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