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مولانا محمد اویس نگرامی ندوی

مولانامحمد اویس نگرامی ندوی
افسوس ہے مولانا محمد اویس صاحب نگرامی بھی ایک طویل علالت کے بعد ؟اگست کی سہ پہر کولکھنؤ میں داعی اجل کولبیک کہہ کر اس خاکدانِ عالم سے رخصت ہوگئے۔ عمر ترسٹھ کے لگ بھگ ہوگی۔ اِنَّالِلّٰہِ وَاِنَّا اِلَیْہِ رَاجِعُوْن۔
نگرام لکھنؤ کاایک مردم خیز قصبہ ہے ،مولانا یہاں کے ایک نامور علمی خاندان کے چشم وچراغ تھے ۔تعلیم ندوہ میں پائی ،فراغت کے بعد دارالمصنفین اعظم گڈھ چلے گئے، کم وبیش سات برس یہاں مقیم رہ کر’ سیرت النبی‘ جلد اول پر نظرثانی کی۔ حافظ ابن قیم نے اپنی تصنیفات میں جہاں کہیں کسی آیت سے متعلق تفسیری کلام کیا ہے اُن سب کوتفسیر ابن قیم کے نام سے یکجا مرتب کیا،علاوہ ازیں معارف میں بھی متعدد مقالات لکھے ۔یوں توسب ہی علوم اسلامیہ میں پختہ استعداد رکھتے تھے لیکن قرآن مجید کاذوق سب پرغالب تھا۔ چنانچہ یہ سب مقالات بھی قرآن مجیدسے متعلق ہیں، دارالمصنفین سے جب وہ ندوۃ العلما میں منتقل ہوئے تویہاں بھی اُن کاخصوصی مشغلہ درسِ قرآن ہی رہا،مدرسہ کے اندر اوراُس کے باہر بھی۔ندوہ میں آنے کے بعد درس کی ہمہ گیر مصروفیتوں کے باعث وہ تصنیف وتالیف کی طرف زیادہ توجہ نہیں کرسکے،تاہم جوکچھ لکھ گئے ہیں اُس کی افادیت میں کلام نہیں ہوسکتا۔
طبعاً نہایت شگفتہ مزاج ،خوش خلق ،خوش پوشاک وخوش خوراک تھے، خندہ جبینی اُن کی فطرت تھی،عملاً نہایت صالح اور اوراد و وظائف تک کے پابند تھے۔ مولانا سیدحسین احمدصاحب مدنی ؒ سے بیعت تھے اور اس سلسلہ میں اُن سے برابر مراسلت بھی رکھتے تھے۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ غریقِ رحمت فرمائے۔
[اکتوبر ۱۹۷۶ء]

 

ظاهرة تزويج القاصرات من منظور شرعي

According to traditional-religious-culture the early age marriages are very common custom especially in rural areas. The act of marring girls in early ages is considered to be a good practice in these constituencies; in contrast, the holy Quran has provided some logical guidelines to reject this idea. In the holy Quran “men” are instructed to marry as per their choice, which reveals, it is necessary for a “man” to be adult (Baligh) for marriage. Considering this fact, how it is possible that a man can be permitted to have a non-adult (Nabaligh) life partner? In this regard, marriages between Adult and Non-adult, Non-adult and Non-adult are not permitted because it is against the right of equality. Further, the holy Quran instructs the guardians of the orphans to return them their valuables when reach to the age of Nikah; which reveals that there is a particular standard of age set for Nikah, if it is not so, why the holy Quran has made this bounding for the guardians of the orphans? As per the guidance of the holy Quran, it is clear that Nikah requires both man and women not only to be physically adult/mature but also mentally adult/mature. In this connection, it has been highlighted that Nikah which is a physical contract requires a particular age for man and woman which however cannot be an age of Non-adult.

Relay-Aided Communication Schemes for Wilreless Multiple Access and Multicast Channels

User cooperation through relaying is a powerful tool to combat fading and to increase robustness of wireless networks. This thesis explores cooperative schemes for wireless multiple access and multicast channels in the presence of a single dedicated relay. Novel cooperative schemes presented here are based upon relay performing decode-and-forward (DF), noisy network coding (NNC) or a combination of both DF and NNC. The first half of this thesis presents cooperative schemes for a multiple access channel. It considers an uplink non-orthogonal multiple access relay channel (NOMARC) in which multiple users wish to communicate to a single base-station (BS) with the help of a single dedicated relay. Firstly for a two- user setup, we derive the improved achievable rate region by employing NNC-only relaying as opposed to conventional compress-and-forward (CF) relaying. Next, for the multiple user setup, we propose a novel Joint NNC-DF (J-NNC-DF) scheme that utilizes DF cooperation when messages from all user are successfully decoded at the relay and NNC when the relay is unable to decode message of any one of the users. In the scenario when the relay is capable of successfully decoding messages from only a subset of users, J-NNC-DF performs joint DF and NNC encoding with DF applied to the set of messages that were decoded successfully, and NNC for the set of messages that were not decoded successfully. After presenting the achievable rate regions, we derive closed form expression for probability of outage for the proposed schemes. These outage expressions permit selection of optimal quantizer noise variance selection to minimize probability of outage. Both analysis and simulations confirm that the proposed J-NNC-DF scheme outperforms other existing benchmarks such as DF-only, NNC-only and NNC-or-DF. In the second part of this dissertation, we propose a cooperative scheme for a downlink multicast network in which a BS wishes to communicate the same message to multiple users with the help of a single dedicated relay. For this setup, we propose a layered multiplexed-coded decode-and-forward (LMDF) relaying scheme. This scheme comprises of two major components: layering at the BS and mulitplexed DF encoding at the relay. BS message is split into two layers, independentlyencoded and mapped to a quadrature amplitude modulated (QAM) constellation, thus achieving superposition. The benefit of superposition coding of the two layers is that it allows partial message recovery at the relay and the users. On the other hand, multiplexed coding at the relay enables each user to divert all channel resources towards decoding the layer(s) that remains unrecoverable from the BS’s transmission. After deriving achievable rate regions, performance comparison is carried out for the proposed schemes against superposition coded and unlayered BS transmissions. In short, the dissertation proposes, analyzes and simulates J-NNC-DF and LMDF as viable candidates for future generation wireless communication networks.
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