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سلام

سلام
قائد عوام شہید ذوالفقار علی بھٹو کا قتل حقیقت میں روشنی کا قتل ہے ۔وہ روشنی جسے پاکستان دکھانے کے لیے پاکستان کے محنت کش ۔پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی کے جھنڈے تلے ایک ہوئے اور پھر 4اپریل 1979ء کو غریبوں کی اس روشنی کو قتل کر دیاگیا ۔

 

زنا کے معاشرتی اثرات اور حد کی تنفیذ کا نبوی منہج: تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Adultery, immorality and sexual misconduct is a major crime, which has been condemned in all previous legislations sent by Allah, ancient nations, the bedouin tribes and in Islamic law. The religion of Islam not only forbids adultery, rather it prohibits going even near the causes leading to it. From medicinal point of view, adultery may cause AIDS, herpes etc. The word “zina” means to have sexual relationship without a marriage contract. Its synonyms in Arabic are: al bigha, al safah, al anat, and al fahisha.  Islam imposes punishment on unmarried people committing adultery. According to Imam al shaf’i, the punishment is one hundred lashes for both man and the woman, and exile for one year. Whereas Imam Abu Hanifa only imposes one hundred lashes. For a married adulterer, the punishment is hundred lashes and death by stoning. Rest of the jurists unanimously agree that they will only be stoned to death. Majority of the scholars agree that if a concubine commits adultery, she will be giving fifty lashes. According to Saeed bin Musayyib, she will be beaten in order to teach her decent manners. In order to impose the punishment of zina on someone, it will be ensured that the adulterer is an adult, the woman should not be from a country who is at war with the Muslims, she is alive and the adultery has taken place in a Muslim country. Among the the repulsive results of adultery are spread of sexually transmitted diseases, increase in number of illegitimate children, lesser percentage of legitimate children and increase in crimes. One of the factors pointing towards the prohibition of zina is that it has been   forbidden since early Islam and a severe punishment has been imposed on it. Of the vices of zina is the mixing up of lineages.  Our society today is flooded with immoral behaviour, which is endangering our “iman” and “yaqeen” and is driving our society towards destruction. This wave of immorality has reached the elite of the society and it is obligatory upon every individual to put his share in stopping it.

Role of Alpha Tocopherol Application in Drought Stress Tolerance of Mungbean Vigna Radiata L.

Considering the significant role of alpha tocopherol (α-Toc) under different environmental cues, experiments were conducted on mungbean plants under varying water regimes. First experiment was planted in plastic pots in order to check the influence of foliage spray of α-Tocopherol in terms of growth, gas exchange and different physio-biochemical characteristics in mungbean plants under water deficit stress. After three weeks of seed germination, both mungbean cultivars (Cyclone 7008 and Cyclone 8009) were subjected to drought treatment (60% and 100% field capacity). The 0, 100, 200 and 300 mg L-1 were the alpha tocopherol levels treated as foliage spray after 30 days of water stress treatment. Water deficit conditions retard morphological parameters, photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll a and b levels, relative water contents (RWC), gas exchange characteristics and total soluble proteins (TSP), yield per plant, while an increase was observed in the relative membrane permeability (RMP), glycinebetaine (GB), proline, sugars, H2O2, AsA, phenolics, MDA, TFAA and the actions of antioxidants in both mungbean lines. Foliarly appliedα-Toc significantly improved plant growth, plant height, chlorophyll b, RWC, GB, non-reducing sugars, E, gs, Ci, Ci/Ca, AsA, TSP, TFAA and catalytic actions of peroxides and catalase enzymes. The inconsistent behavior was depicted by both mungbean cultivars to externally used tocopherol and drought stress to relative water contents and different gas exchange characteristics. The cv. Cyclone 7008 was significantly showed improved reducing, non-reducing sugars, Hydrogen peroxide and total soluble protein while cv. Cyclone 8009 in leaf proline and total phenolics. Overall, externally applied Toc particularly 300 mg L-1 was effective in developing plant growth of both mungbean cultivars. In case of green pods different biochemical analyses, as a whole, the external application of 200 and 300 mg L-1 of α-Toc significantly increased the chlorophyll a & b, proline and total phenolics concentrations and actions of SOD, POD and CAT enzymes in used mungbean varieties. In field experiment, under normal and withheld irrigations, the exogenous treatment of α-Toc effectively increased growth parameters, chlorophylls, total soluble phenolics, free proline, glycine betaine, TSG, sugars, TSP, TFAA, antioxidants and invivo Toc and harvest attributes but significantly decreased MDA and H2O2 levels. In short, of various used different concentrations of α-Toc levels, last two concentrations were better convenient for both mungbean cultivars under applied field conditions.
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