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اسرار احمد آزاد

اسرار احمد آزاد
افسوس ہے پچھلے دنوں ہمارے ادارۂ ندوۃ المصنفین کے دو پرانے ساتھی داعیٔ اجل کولبیک کہہ کر اس دنیا سے رخصت ہوگئے۔جناب اسراراحمد آزاد اردو زبان کے ادیب اورنامور اخبار نویس تھے یوں انھوں نے غالباً کسی یونیورسٹی سے باقاعدہ کوئی سند نہیں لی تھی لیکن محض اپنی ذاتی محنت اور شوق سے اردو اورہندی کے علاوہ انگریزی میں اتنی استعداد بہم پہنچا لی تھی کہ اس زبان کے اخبارات و رسائل اورکتابیں بے تکلف پڑھ اورسمجھ لیتے تھے۔سیاسیات پران کا مطالعہ بہت وسیع تھا۔ ادارہ کے ابتدائی زمانہ میں مکتبۂ برہان کی طرف سے ان کی کتاب ’’بین الاقوامی سیاسی معلومات‘‘شایع ہوکر بڑی مقبول ہوئی تھی۔مرحوم نظر ثانی کرکے اس پر برابر اضافہ کرتے رہے چنانچہ اس کتاب کاآخری ایڈیشن جو شایع ہوا ہے وہ تین نہایت ضخیم جلدوں پرمشتمل ہے اور بے شبہ یہ کتاب اردوزبان کے پورے لٹریچر میں اپنی نوعیت کی ایک ہی ہے۔اس کے علاوہ مرحوم بہت جلد اور بہت اچھا لکھتے تھے۔ ان کی ساری زندگی جرنلزم کے نذر ہوگئی ورنہ اگر ان کو معاشی اطمینان حاصل ہوتا اورتصنیف وتالیف میں لگے رہتے تواردوزبان کے ذخیرہ میں بہت کچھ قابل قدراضافہ کرسکتے تھے۔اخلاقی اعتبار سے ان کی زندگی سراپا ایثار تھی۔خودمجرد رہے،محنت مزدوری کی اورایک بھائی کے بچوں کی تعلیم و تربیت پرہمیشہ اپنی توجہ مرکوز رکھی۔سری نگر میں روزنامہ ’’چنار‘‘ کے ایڈیٹر تھے، دھرادول میں انتقال ہوا۔اﷲ تعالیٰ مغفرت عطا فرمائے۔ [فروری۱۹۷۱ء]

 

The Expression of Religious Positivity in Karen Armstrong’s Sīrah Work

Orientalists contributed much regarding their study of the Holy Qur’ān, Hadith and Sīrah since eighteenth century. Few of them attracted Muslim scholars due to the quality of their work about Islam, like the translation of the Holy Qur’ān, the indexes of Hadith literature and the translations of Arabic Sīrah books in English. These orientalists have left a positive impression regarding their contributions in introducing Islamic literature in West in their native languages. This research paper aims to present the expression of religious positivity in modern orientalist Karen Armstrong’s Sīrah work. This selection is based on the status of this Sīrah writer in present time. Her books are best sellers written on comparative religion and a huge number of people study her books and appreciate her for expressing the positive image of Islam in West. In this study, it will be found out that in which style and angle she has presented her works regarding religious positivity especially the presentation of the personality of the Holy Prophet (peace be on him) to the non-Muslims and non-religious societies.

Synthesis and Potential Applications of Advanced Materials: Tmds and Polyazomethine Composites

Two-dimensional layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are fundamentally and technologically intriguing materials. The versatile and tunable properties of these materials make them attractive for compendium of applications. Emerging transition metal dichalcogenides offer unique and hitherto unavailable opportunities to tailor the mechanical, thermal, electronic and optical properties of polyazomethine based composites. Phase conversion of the transition metal dichalcogenides from 2H phase to 2H''/1T was carried out by organolithium treatment of MoS2 and MoSe2 polycrystalline films on the chips. The conversion was done successfully on the particular area yielding a lateral heterostructure concerning the pristine 2H phase and the 2H''/1T co-phase regions. Lateral heterostructure was verified by Raman spectroscopic, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies and X-ray diffraction analysis. Scanning electron (SEM) and atomic force (AFM) microscopies revealed the changes in the surface morphology and work function of the heterostructure in comparison to the pristine films. Phase stability studies of the heterostructure were also studied by Raman spectroscopic studies.Gas sensing and electrical properties were also performed on these chips. Functionalization route was demonstrated that results in ethylene glycol bonded to the MoSe2 surface via covalent C–Se bond. It was based on lithium intercalation, quenching of the negative charges residing on the MoSe2 by electrophiles such as bromo diazonium salts and subsequently proceeding with ethylene glycol via cross coupling reaction.FTIR and (1H and 13C) NMR spectroscopic analyses techniques were used for structure elucidation. Strong evidence for the existence of heterostructure 2H''/1T of MoSe2 after the effective grafting of C– O linkage on the MoSe2 surface was confirmed by wide angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Xray photoelectron spectroscopic studies (XPS). Thermal stability of the synthesized product was ensured by the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Surface morphology was also probed by scanning electron microscopic studies (SEM). Further strategy of modifying TMDs with amine-terminated polyazomethines (PAs) was successfully offers a scalable platform suitable for tuning the properties of flexible PAs TMDs composite. TMDs (MoS2, MoSe2, WS2 and WSe2) were properly embedded in the polymer matrix. Bifunctional aldehyde monomers containing sulphone linkage were synthesized and subsequently confirmed by FT-IR and (1H and 13C) NMR spectroscopic studies and then treated with two different diamines to prepare six polyazomethines via polycondensation method in acidic media. Synthesized polyazomethines were confirmed by FT-IR and (1H and 13C) NMR spectroscopic analysis. Furthermore, in another attempt, the ethoxy pendant group was also attached to the linear polyazomethines. Synthesized poly- azomethines (PAs) were further doped with TMDs material and characterized by FTIR, Raman and XPS spectroscopic studies. Scanning electron and transmission electron microscopic studies revealed changes in the surface morphology. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was also done using the TEM setup. UV-Visible and fluorescence spectroscopic technique were also performed to study the photophysical behavior. Electrocatalytic activity was also performed on these composite materials. In addition, synthesized polyazomethines were covalently grafted onto acid functionalized MCNTs. The synthesized nanocomposite materials were consequently characterized by spectroscopic studies (FT-IR, Raman spectroscopic studies). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Xray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopic studies were also performed. Scanning electron and transmission electron microscopic studies revealed modifications in the surface morphology. A current voltage measurements and electrocatalytic activity were also performed on these PAs-MCNTs composites. This perspective concerns the synthetic strategies that have been used to incorporate PAs into TMDs and grafting onto MCNT’s surface can improve their performance in technological applications.
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