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سر محمد یعقوب

سر محمد یعقوب
سر محمد یعقوب کی ناگہانی وفات کا سانحہ اخباروں میں آچکا ہے، مرحوم مراد آباد کے رہنے والے تھے، ان کے والد ماجد مولوی محمد اسماعیل صاحب وکیل شاہجانپور نہایت نیک، متین و دیندار بزرگ تھے، ندوۃ العلماء کے رکن تھے اور ۱۹۰۸؁ء کی تبلیغی تحریک میں مولانا شبلی مرحوم کے ساتھ تھے، سر محمد یعقوب نے گو انگریزی تعلیم پائی تھی، مگر مذہبی ذوق ورثہ میں پایا تھا اور بڑے خوش قسمت تھے، مراد آباد کی کامیاب وکالت سے لے کر کونسل کی صدارت تک اور پھر سرکار نظام کے مشیر اصلاحات کے رتبہ تک انہوں نے جو ترقی کی وہ سراسر ان کی خوش قسمتی کا نتیجہ تھی، دعا ہے کہ اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کو اس عالم میں بھی خوش قسمت بنائے، وہ بہت خوش خلق، متواضع، متحمل اور حاجت مندوں اور ضرورت مندوں کی امداد میں کشادہ دست تھے، غفر اﷲ تعالیٰ۔ (سید سلیمان ندوی، دسمبر ۱۹۴۲ء)

 

فلسفہ احکام میراث

This research article explores the rationale behind Islamic injunctions regarding inheritance. Unlike other Islamic injunctions, which are briefly enunciated in the Quran but elaborated in Sunnah, inheritance has been detailed in considerable length in the Quranic text itself. This coupled with numerous Prophetic traditions underpins the unique importance Islam accords to the question of inheritance. However, despite its exceptional importance, the subject of Islamic law of inheritance remains mostly a neglected one, even among the students of Islamic seminaries and Ulema. Resultantly, Islam’s brilliant system of inheritance is often not implemented by the adherents of Islam, much to the miseries and hardships of the legal heirs, especially the children and women. Thus these marginalized segments of society are deprived of their rights today just as they were treated before the advent of Islam. This research brings home the fact that the divinely ordained Islamic injunctions of inheritance are based on sound rationale and justification in the best interest of humanity, and that the believers must adhere to these injunctions that are based on three key principles: proximity in relationship, need, and distribution of wealth. The paper explains in great length the types of relatives and legal heirs, the principles of distribution among them, the justification for such shares, and the limits imposed by Quran and Sunnah with regard to the right of the deceased, the heirs, relatives and the state. It also discusses some of the contentious issues in contemporary debate on Islam: an orphan grandson’s title to inheritance, and the philosophy behind 2: 1 inheritance distribution formula between son and daughter. In doing so, the author has not only relied on the main sources of Islamic jurisprudence viz. Quran and Sunnah, in addition to classical and modern Islamic scholarship but also sound argumentation and logical exposition.

Diversity of Bemisia Tabaci, the Bacterial Endosymbionts It Harbours and the Geminiviruses It Acquires Across Pakistan

The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius; Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a highly invasive insect pest and is considered a cryptic species complex. This study was conducted to investigate the diversity and distribution of whiteflies of the B. tabaci species complex in Pakistan, and also to investigate the diversity endosymbionts and viruses harboured. Using a well-established, PCR-based cloning and sequencing of a mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) marker, six biotypes Asia II 8, Asia II 7, Asia II 5, Asia II 1, Asia 1, and MEAM 1” were identified in Pakistan. Asia II-1 was found to be the most common biotype present and thus may possibly be the most important vector of the begomovirus complex which causes cotton leaf curl disease in Pakistan. The study also highlighted changes in the prevalent biotypes in some regions in the country. Using the 16S general and specific primers, in conjunction with sequencing, six endosymbionts (Arsenophonus, Cardinium, Hamiltonella, Rickettsia, and Wolbachia) were identified. Arsenophonus found to be associated with Asia II-1 while Hamiltonella was associated with the MEAM-1. The presence and prevalence of each symbiont varied in different biotypes and also varied between regions. Endosymbionts are important in virus-vector interactions. A number of distinct begomovirus species were identified with Cotton leaf curl Burewala virus, the most prevalent virus causing CLCuD in Pakistan at this time, the frequently identified. The levels of viral and betasatellite DNA were measured at 2 weekly intervals in B. tabaci collected from cotton using a quantitative PCR assay during the cotton growing seasons of 2014, 2015 and 2016. Although there were differences between the three years, in general, it was found that the level of betasatellite rises during the cotton growing season whereas the level of virus initially rises and then decreases at the end of the season. For both virus and betasatellite the DNA levels are very low initially, when there are no CLCuD symptoms in the crop, indicating that the initial inoculum is low. This comprehensive study provides the basis for the design of vector/virus control strategies which can be tested using the methodologies devised and implemented during the study.
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