Search from the Journals, Articles, and Headings
Advanced Search (Beta)
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...

ڈاکٹر علامہ محمد اقبال

ڈاکٹراقبال مرحوم
وادریغا!دوسال کی طویل علالت کے بعد اسلام کے مایۂ ناز فرزند ڈاکٹر محمد اقبال نے بتاریخ ۲/اپریل۱۹۳۸ء لاہور میں انتقال فرمایا،اورہماری بزم علم و حکمت کوخالی چھوڑکررہ گزاے عالم جادوانی ہوگئے۔اقبال کاوجود عشقِ رسول کا پیکر تھا، اخیر عمر میں تویہ حالت ہوگئی تھی کہ جہاں’’مدینہ‘‘یا آقائے مدینہ کاذکر آیا اور بے ساختہ رونے لگے۔ ان کی شاعری کے انمول موتیوں کاخزانہ اوراُن کی زبان حقیقت و معرفت ربانی کی ترجمان تھی، ان کاقلب اسلامی سوزوگداز سے معمور اوران کادماغ حب اسلام کے نشہ سے مخمور تھا، وہ اگرچہ انگلینڈ اورجرمنی کی اعلیٰ یونیورسٹیوں کے تعلیم یافتہ تھے لیکن خمستانِ حجاز کی جس بادۂ ہوش افزا کے چند جرعے اُنھوں نے اپنی طفولیت کے ابتدائی دنوں میں لے لیے تھے اس کانشہ کم ہونے کے بجائے دن بدن بڑھتاہی گیا اورنتیجہ یہ ہوا کہ ان کی زندگی سرتاپا اسلامی سوزدگداز بن کے رہ گئی۔ اقبال نے اسلام کے دورعروج وتنزل کابہت عمیق مطالعہ کیا تھا اوران کی شاعری میں اسلام کے روشن مستقبل سے متعلق بہت کچھ اُمید افزا خیالات پائے جاتے ہیں۔ اقبال نے اپنا ترانہ اُس وقت چھیڑا جب کہ ہنگامہ غدر کے اثرات مابعد سے مسلمانوں پرانتہائی جمودوخمود کاعالم طاری تھا اوراُن کے قومی و ملّی احساسات پامال ہوچکے تھے۔ اقبال نے اپنے حیات آفریں نغموں سے اس دل شکستہ قوم کواُبھارا اورزندگی کے احساس سے پھرانہیں بھرپور کردیا۔
ڈاکٹراقبال مرحوم کی وفات حسرت آیات کاصدمہ ہمیں اس لیے بھی زیادہ محسوس ہوتا کہ آں مرحوم میں اورہمارے استاذ حضرت شاہ صاحبؒ میں ایک خاص قلبی ارتباط تھا۔ڈاکٹر صاحب علوم اسلامیہ میں حضرت شاہ صاحب کواپنا مرشد و رہنما جانتے تھے اوردل وجان سے اُن کی عزت کرتے تھے۔چنانچہ خطبات مدراس جو ''The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam'' کے نام سے شایع ہوچکے ہیں ان میں ڈاکٹر صاحب نے حضرت شاہ...

Issues of Ethnic Diversity and Just Development in Pakistan with a Special Focus on the Seraiki Ethnic Group

Ethnicity implies the sense of belonging together as the cultural group in a given society. It is a complex combination of racial, cultural and historical characteristics by which people differentiate themselves from other groups. This research envisages the genesis and the evolution of ethnicity as a political concept, the problems of ethnicity in a heterogeneous, multicultural state and the phenomenon of ethno-nationalism in its historical and analytical perspective in the federation of Pakistan with special reference to the status of Seraiki ethnic group. In fact ethnic expressions exist in all multicultural states and distinct ethnic groups evaluate themselves through communal prism. The less privileged groups develop abhorrence against the over – privileged groups due to the persistence of socioeconomic injustices. Factors like the gap between core and periphery, asymmetrical modernization and authoritarian trends lead towards ethnic disruption. Same is the case with Pakistan, a multilingual, multiracial and multiethnic state with federating units reflecting various diversities. The analysis of ethno-nationalism in Pakistan highlights factors, like regional cultural identity, relative deprivation among regions, centralized state structure, denial of accepting regional language as national language, and the absence of democratic values as being the root causes of the Bengali separatism. The assimilationist policies of the government do not acknowledge the regional/ethnic aspirations. Denial of pluralistic approach has been thwarting the demand for provincial autonomy. The nature of ethnic consciousness in the Seraiki belt, analyzed in this article, is found to be nurtured by the perceived socio-economic injustice at intra-provincial level—between the regions of South Punjab and Central and Northern Punjab put together

Genetic Polymorphism of Milk Protein in Local Goat Breeds

The genes encoding milk proteins possess polymorphic forms which greatly influence the composition of raw milk and dairy products manufactured. The major milk proteins directly influencing the milk properties are whey proteins and caseins. The β-LG protein from whey fraction and κ-Casein from the casein complex are the most commonly studied milk proteins in different dairy animals worldwide. Several genetics variants of both proteins have been found associated with milk yield, total milk protein and fat contents as well as manufacturing properties of milk. Polymorphisms in β-LG and κ-casein gene CSN3 have been extensively studied in cattle; however, not much work has been reported in goats Present study was designed to identify polymorphisms in β-LG and CSN3 in Beetal and DDP goats of Pakistan and associations of identified variants with milk components were also explored. For genetic analysis, DNA was extracted from blood and quantified spectrophotometrically. The polymorphisms in β-LG were explored using PCR-RFLPs while CSN3 exon IV was sequenced and genotypes determined based on Prinzenberg et al., 2005 nomenclature. Total milk proteins and whey protein contents were estimated spectrophotometrically and casein protein contents determined. The total milk fat contents were estimated by Gerber’s method. The β-LG protein isoforms were also identified in both goat breeds through SDS-PAGE. Our results showed that β-LG AA genotype is most prevalent in both goats. The β-LG AA genotyped animals had higher total protein contents in milk while high fat contents were found in the milk of animals with BB genotype. Three β-LG protein isoforms with genotypes; AA, AB and BB were identified. The frequency of A allele protein variant was significantly higher in both goat breeds xvii while heterozygous AB genotype was the most prevalent one. However β-LG protein isoforms lacked any association with milk yield and composition. At CNS3 locus, Beetal carries A genotype whereas, DDP carried D genotype. The haplotypes revealed five polymorphisms, one silent c.245T>C whereas others were missense mutations; c.247A>G, c.309G>A, c.471G>A and c.591T>C. The CNS3 genotype A in corresponds to protein variant A and D to B. The variant protein B, prevalent in DDP goats, is found to be more economically beneficent in terms of cheese production. Daily milk yield and total milk fat contents were significantly elevated in Beetal goat. In conclusion, polymorphism exists in the β-LG and CNS3 genes as well as in β-LG protein in Beetal and DDP goats of Pakistan. At β-LG locus, A allele is dominant in both goats whereas at CNS3 locus A allele is dominant in Beetal and D in DDP. The genetic findings could be employed in future to explore suitable candidates for quality dairy products manufacture.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.