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Chapter 2: Services of Theologians of Sindh

Introduction

In the Indo-Pak sub-continent, Sindh is the first of the zones where the advent of Islām was the earliest. Historically, the scholars here did a great work of intellect and research. In the year 270 A. H/883A. D, due to internal disturbance, so many small states came into being. [1]

            Out of these, the state of Manṣūrah was taken over by the Ḥubārī tribe. Muslim ruler ‘Abdallāh bin ‘Umar Ḥubārī of Manṣūrah had sent a scholar to Hindū Rājāh of Alvar on his request who presented the translation of the Qur’ān in his court. This incident narrated by the famous historian Buzurg Bin Shehr Yār has also been endorsed by renowned historians of the sub-continent. [2]But nothing with certainty can be said about the symmetrical order and the dictation of this translation, however, it is certain that the honor of translating the Qur’ān the first of all lies with Sindh. [3]

            In the era of Arghaun and Tarkhān, Makhdūm Nūḥ Hālāe’ (d:998 A. H/1589A. D) properly translated the Qur’ān in Persian which has become available in secured form despite the varying times. [4]

            This translation, with the efforts and research of ‘Allāma Muṣṭafā Qāsmī (d:1424A. H/2003A. D) has been published by Sindh Literary Board Ḥyderābād. This translation was compiled even earlier than the translation of famous researcher Shāh Walī Allāh(d:1176A. H/1762A. D). In this regard, we are justified to opine that in the sub-continent the honor of the first translation in the Persian language also goes to Sindh. In that period, a movement among the Sindhī Scholars emerged that the Islamic literature and art be documented in the mother tongue Sindhī so that a...

الأحاديث التي حكم عليها الإمام البغوي بالنكـارة مـن خلال كتابه (شـرح السنة)

يهدف هذا البحث إلى إبراز جهود الإمام البغوي في الأحاديث التي حكم عليها بالنكـارة، مـن خلال كتابه: (شـرح السنة)، كما أنه يحُرر في هذا البحث: المقصود بالمـنكر، وأنواعه، وحكمه عـند العلماء المتخصصين مـن المتقدمين في علم الحديث. وقد استخدمت الباحثة المـنهج الاستقرائي والمـنهج التحليلي. وقد وصلت الباحثة إلى مجموعة مـن النتائج أبرزها: أن المراد بالمـنكر عـند الإمام البغوي هو: الذي يتفرد به المتروك أو مـن اشتد ضعفه، حيث قد اعتمد في حكمه بالنكـارة على مـن سبقه مـن المحدثين، كـالإمام البخاري، والإمام الترمذي، وكـل الأحاديث مورد الدراسة قد حصلت فيها النكـارة مـن جهة السند، وما يزال الباب مُشـرعاً أمام الباحثين في استكمال تحرير مصطلحات علم الدراية وتطبيقها عـند الإمام البغوي مـن خلال مصنفاته. الكـلمات المفتاحية: النكـارة، الأمام البغوي، كتاب شـرح السنة.

Socio-Economic Development in Colonial District Multan: 1849-1901

The study aims at investigating the socio- economic development under the British Colonial rule in the Multan District (1849-1901). The city of Multan has been an area of strategic, geographical, political and economic significance throughout the recorded history but occupied special importance during the British rule in India. Historians have shed enough light on the national history and regional history of Pakistan, but they have overlooked the socio-economic aspect of local history of the Punjab in general and Multan in particular. Therefore, this study focuses on a local history of city of Multan which was one of the major cultural, social, economic and political centers of the British India. The study examines the process of socio-economic transformation enforced through political control and thus it shall be impact oriented based in which the theories of patron-client relationship and inclusion and exclusion shall be incorporated. This study emphasizes the contradictions and weaknesses inherent in the collaborative system of rule. The emphasis thus shifts from the colonial standpoint and understanding to a Punjabi perspective. This study is not only a new paradigm for explaining and interpreting the phenomena of socio-economic development and administrative control of Multan, but it also points out relative weaknesses and strengths in the existing paradigm. The findings revealed substantial development occurred as two-sided process of continuity and change in which the old modes of administration and social practices continued to exist. They were modified along with the new innovations in the region. The perennial canal system and the scheme of Sidhnai Canal Colony changed the whole landscape and economy of the district of Multan. This caused significant gap in the socio-economic growth in the proprietary and the colony villages and also in the old established towns and the migration from ancestral homes to new colony tracts of Sidnai Canal. The study also brought to light an under researched aspect which is the quest for power by the local elites and how the colonial state was manipulated by those local elites to quench their thirst for power and authority to strengthen their own declining positions in the society. Therefore, the study has ascertained that neither regional nor national history of Pakistan or South Asia can be properly touched without exploring the local history of the important towns and cities of the sub-continent during the British rule.
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