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میرا ٹیچر

میرااستاذ
دنیا کے اندر مختلف نسل، مختلف قوم، مختلف مذاہب ،مختلف رنگ اور مختلف نظریات کے لوگ رہائش پذیر ہیں، ہر ایک اپنے اپنے نظریے، اپنے اپنے مذہب ، اپنے اپنے رسم و رواج اور اپنے اپنے طریقہ کار کے تحت ایام ِزیست گزار رہا ہے ، معاشرے میں فلاحی ورکر کا اپنا کردار ہے، اسمبلی کے ممبر کا اپنا کردار ہے، کرسی عدالت پرمتمکن منصف ذیشان کا اپنا کردارہے، ایماندار تا جر کا اپنا کردار ہے، ہنر مند فنکار کا اپنا کردار ہے، دولت مند ساہو کا رکا اپنا کردار ہے، ہوشمند اداکار کا اپنا کردار ہے، سرحدوں کے محافظ کا اپنا کردار ہے ، تہجد گزار عابد کا اپنا کردار ہے، اطاعت گزار ساجد کا اپنا کردار ہے، جامع مسجد کے خطیب کا اپنا کردار ہے، اچھے مصنف اور ادیب کا اپنا کردار ہے،’’ یعنی ہر گُلِ را رنگ و بوئے دیگر است‘‘ ہر پھول کی خوشبو اور رنگ علیحدہ علیحدہ ہے لیکن ان میں جس بات پر اتفاق ہے وہ یہ ہے کہ کوئی ذوی العقول اور حیوان ناطق ایسانہیں کہ جس کا کوئی نہ کوئی استاد نہ ہو کوئی رہبر ورہنماء نہ ہو، کوئی ہادی ومرشد نہ ہو!۔
شومیکر اگر جوتا بنا تا ہے تو اس میں بھی کسی استاد کا ہاتھ ہے، ٹیکسٹائل مل کا مالک اگر کپڑابنتا ہے تو وہ بھی استادکا مرہونِ منت ہے، تا جر ہو یا صنعت کار ، پٹواری ہو یاتحصیلدار ، اکاؤنٹنٹ ہو یا بینکار ، مزارع ہو یا جاگیردار ، زمیں پر چلنے والا ہو یامحو پرواز یہ سب کے سب ٹیچر اور مدرس کے لگائے ہوئے نخل ہیں جواب سروقد ہو چکے ہیں۔ ان سے جہالت اور بے علمی کے خس و خاشاک کو صاف کر کے محنت اور مشقت کا پانی دے کر پروان چڑھانے والی اگر اللہ تعالیٰ کے بعد کوئی ذات...

Analisis Faktor Determinan Pengungkapan Sustainability Report (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan yang Terdaftar dalam Indeks LQ–45 Tahun 2019 – 2022)

This research aims to find out whether gender diversity, audit committees, institutional ownership, and employee pressure has a significant effect on the sustainability report. This research method is a quantitative research by taking samples using a purposive sampling technique based on predetermined characteristics of 20 companies listed in the LQ-45 index for 2019-2022. The type of data used is secondary data and the method of analysis used is panel data regression using Eviews. The results of the study show that the calculation of the hypothesis, namely gender diversity, has no significant effect on the sustainability report with a significant level of 0.5341> 0.05. The audit committee has no significant effect on the sustainability report with a significant level of 0.6224>0.05. Institutional ownership has no significant effect on the sustainability report with a significant level of 0.1466>0.05. Employee pressure has a positive and significant effect on the sustainability report with a significant level of 0.0105<0.05. For simultaneous testing, an F count of 3.812784 is obtained with a probability of 0.000022 <0.05, meaning that gender diversity, audit committee, institutional ownership, and employee pressure simultaneously influence the sustainability report.

Environment Friendly Synthesis of Acetic Acid Based Compounds and Their Biological Characterzation

The present study complies with different principles of environment friendly synthesis utilizing efficient instrumental techniques i.e.; microwaves and replacement of hazardous solvents with eco-friendly ones. The overall progress of chemical reactions achieved through application of environmental chemistry, was compared with the traditional methods. In the first part of this research work, synthesis of substituted ethyl 2-(4-nitrobenzylidene) hydrazinyl acetate was carried out for which, substituted benzoic acids were esterified to corresponding ethyl esters under the influence of microwaves followed by its hydrazinolysis. Substituted benzohydrazides thus obtained, were then reacted in a microwave oven with different benzaldehydes to get a series of substituted 4-nitrophenyl methylidene benzohydrazides. They were then changed into targeted products after reaction of substituted 4-nitrophenyl methylidene benzohydrazides with ethyl chloroacetate in the presence of dry acetone in anhydrous conditions by using microwaves. In the second series, naphthyl acetic acid was converted to ethyl naphthalen-1ylacetate followed by its hydrazinolysis. The compound 2-(naphthalen-1-yl) acetohydrazide thus, formed was reacted with different benzaldehydes under conventional and green technologies to get a series of substituted methylidene-2(naphthalen-1-yl) acetohydrazide. The targeted compounds were synthesized after their reaction of substituted methylidene-2-(naphthalen-1-yl) acetohydrazides with ethyl chloroacetate under anhydrous conditions. In the third series, substituted ethyl methylidene-1-[(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetyl] hydrazinyl acetate were synthesized by using 2,4-dichloro phenoxyacetic acid. After esterification of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid ethyl (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetate was synthesized which underwent hydrazinolysis. The compound 2-(2,4dichlorophenoxy) acetohydrazide thus formed, was reacted with aromatic aldehydes and ketones to give methylidene-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetohydrazide derivatives. Methylidene-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetohydrazide on esterification under anhydrous conditions yielded ethyl methylidene-1-[(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetyl] hydrazinyl acetate. Similarly, in the fourth series derivatives of ethyl -1-[(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy), acetyl]-2- hydrazinyl} acetate was synthesized after four steps of synthesis. Methyl xx chloro -phenoxyacetic acid was esterified in the first step to synthesize ethyl (4chloro-2-methylphenoxy) acetate which underwent hydrazinolysis to give 2-(4chloro-2-methylphenoxy) acetohydrazide. The compound 2-(4-chloro-2methylphenoxy) methylidene acetohydrazide was prepared after reaction of aromatic aldehydes and ketones with 2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) acetohydrazide. These Schiff bases were changed into targeted compounds after reaction with ethyl chloro acetate under anhydrous conditions. Comparison of both the conventional and microwave assisted reactions indicates a significant reduction in reaction times and improvement in reaction yields. Besides chemical characterization, some of the synthesized compounds (series-1 and 2) were evaluated for their phytohormonal ability on tissue culture raised Bougainvillea glabra explants and hydroponically grown sunflower seedlings. Series-2 compounds were also evaluated for anti-fungal activity. Some of them were found to possess the potential as plant growth promoter. Series-3 and 4 compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity assay protocol against 3T3 cell line and anti-cancer activity on Hela cell line. Few of them were found to possess potential as lead compounds for drug discovery.
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