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ڈ اکٹر تارا چند

ڈاکٹر تارا چند
گذشتہ اکتوبر میں ڈاکٹر تاراچند کے انتقال پر ملال سے بھی ہندوستان میں ایک بڑا علمی خلاء پیدا ہوگیا، وہ الہ آباد کے کایستھ پاٹ شالہ کی مدرسی اور پرنسپلی کے بعد الہ آباد یونیورسٹی کے وائس چانسلر بھی ہوئے، پھر حکومت ہند کے تعلیمی مشیر بنے، ایران میں ہندوستان کی طرف سے سفیر بناکر بھیجے گئے، وہاں سے واپسی پر پارلیمنٹ کے رکن نامزد کئے گئے لیکن ان کی اصلی شہرت اور مقبولیت ایک بلند پایہ مورخ کی حیثیت سے ہوئی، انھوں نے ’’انفلوانس آف اسلام ان انڈین کلچر‘‘ پر ایک مقالہ لکھ کر آکسفورڈ سے ڈاکٹریٹ کی ڈگری حاصل کی، یہ ان کی ابتدائی تحقیقی کوشش تھی، لیکن اس سے بہتر کتاب اس موضوع پر اب تک نہیں نکلی، آخر میں وہ ہسٹری آف دی فریڈم موومنٹ کے بورڈ کے اڈیٹر تھے، ان کی ادارت میں یہ کام بڑی خوش اسلوبی سے انجام پاتا رہا، ان کی تحقیقی تحریروں میں دیدہ دری کے ساتھ بڑی فراخدلی بھی ہوتی، وہ ہندی اردو کی حسین آمیزش یعنی ہندوستانی زبان کے بھی بڑے موئد تھے، اس کے کچھ اچھے نمونے بھی لکھ کر پیش کرتے رہے، ان کی نیک نامی اور مورخانہ بصیرت کی وجہ سے ان کی خوشگوار یادوں کا چراغ علمی حلقہ میں برابر روشن رہے گا۔ (’’ص ، ع‘‘، نومبر ۱۹۷۳ء)

جدید تفسیری ادب میں بنت الشاطی کی امتیازی خدمات

Āisha bint Abdu Al-Rahmān (1913-1998), better known by her pen nickname ‘Bint Ash-Shātī’, was one of the 20th-century Egyptian exegetes (mufassirīn) of the Qur'ān who implemented the methodological approach to the interpretation of the Qur'ān introduced by her teacher, mentor and husband Amīn alKhawlī, an eminent Egyptian scholar of the Qur'ān who contributed to the Qur'ānic sciences from several important aspects. Bint Ash-Shātī continued the legacy of her teacher and published a number of works related to the discipline of the Qur'ānic sciences such as al-Tafsīr al-Bayānī li al-Qur'ān alKarīm and al-I’jāz al- Bayānī li al- Qur'ān wa Masā’īl Ibn alAzraq. She made an attempt to examine all the previous Qur'ānic exegeses. Though Bint Ash-Shātī benefited from the classical tafsīr literature in her writings, she made several critiques on the classical tafsīr literature. Because of her scholarly approach, she became a famous Qur'ānic scholar in her life and even she was awarded the King Faisal Award,  the most prestigious award in the Muslim world, in 1993 for her intellectual contributions. This paper attempts to analyze the methodological approach adopted by Bint Ash-Shātī in her works on Qur'ānic studies.

Blind-Friendly Universal User Interfaces: Towards the Design of Adaptive User Interfaces for Blind People

Worldwide 39 million people are blind, and the number of people that could be blind is predicted to be 79 million in 2020. The loss of vision puts a limitation on a blind person to perform daily activities smoothly, which hampers the person’s participation/progress in education, employment, and social networking. The access to information on ubiquitous devices including smartphones, smartwatches, and wearable assistive bands is an emerging trend for not only people with vision but also those that are visually impaired. A large number of blind people are using smartphone-based assistive technologies and accessibility services such as talkback and voice assistants in performing their common-life activities including placing calls, sharing pictures, reading books, and sending messages, etc. However, existing accessibility services face several problems including late learning, accessing and selecting nonvisual items on the screen, finding an item of interest in a complex menu structure, and operating multiple connected-devices. In addition, the diversity of the devices, mutable user requirements, equipment, apparatus, systems, apps, services, accessibility, usability, and context-sensitivity contributes to the frustrating user experience significantly. Therefore, an accessibility-inclusive blind-friendly user interface model is required to perform activities on touchscreen interfaces. This thesis defines a semantically enriched universal accessibility framework by designing a usable, personalized, light-weight, and semantically enriched accessibility-inclusive user interface to operate common applications on a smartphone. The proposed blind-friendly interface design simplifies User Interface Artefacts (UIAs) such as layouts, labels, buttons, and panels, etc., on touchscreen interfaces. The users can share UIAs to other devices instead of sharing the whole screen by enhancing the availability and consistency of multiple devices. The user v experience of blind people in operating smartphone/smartwatch interfaces were evaluated through empirical and automated user studies. The evaluation framework peculiarly recorded and investigated the behaviour of the blind people on several usability parameters including attitude, intention to use, perceived usefulness, understandability & learnability, operability, ease of use, system usability scale, minimal memory load, consistency, and user satisfaction. The study leveraged an improved user experience of blind people in performing common-life activities on a smartphone. The findings of this thesis provide an essential reference for usability experts, Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) experts, and application developers in designing accessibility-inclusive services for touchscreen user interfaces
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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