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قاضی محمد جلیل عباسی

قاضی محمد جلیل عباسی
افسوس ہے گزشتہ مہینے میں دو دنوں کے وقفے سے ملک و ملت اور علم و دین کے دو خادم ہم سے جدا ہوئے، جناب قاضی محمد جلیل عباسی نے طویل علالت کے بعد ۷؍ نومبر کو لکھنؤ میں داعی اجل کو لبیک کہا۔ وہ مشہور قومی و ملی کارکن، اردو تحریک کے ممتاز رہنما اور دینی تعلیمی کونسل کے بانی قاضی محمد عدیل عباسی مرحوم کے چھوٹے بھائی تھے۔ دونوں بھائیوں نے اپنے وطن بستی (سدھارت نگر) کی ترقی و خوش حالی کے لئے گوناگوں مفید کام کئے، قاضی جلیل عباسی بھی اپنے بڑے بھائی کی طرح فرقہ ورانہ سیاست سے دور اور کانگریس سے وابستہ رہے، ان کی زندگی قومی خدمت کے لئے وقف تھی۔ ایک زمانے میں ریاستی وزیر اور پھر پارلیمنٹ کے رکن منتخب ہوئے۔ شرافت، ہم دردی، بے لوث خدمت کے ساتھ ان کا تعلق دین و مذہب سے بھی ہمیشہ رہا، اﷲ تعالیٰ قوم و ملت کے اس خادم کی مغفرت فرمائے، آمین۔ (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، دسمبر ۱۹۹۶ء)

 

A Critical Analysis of Marxist Feminist Multi-Voiced Expressions in Pakistani Writings

Pakistani English literature is internationally recognized. It elaborates on Pakistani culture, societies, and individual and collective thought represented in its writings. Different writers have different perspectives to discuss, but Marxist Feminism is an important aspect about which very few writers focused, on the point of view of the property, dominance, wages, and shares in the economy. Men are not only denominated on women’s bodies but also their economy, which females deserve in the form of inheritance or wages. Karl Marx and Frederic Engels wrote a book: The Origin of Family, Private property, and the State (1884), and presented a theory on Marxist-feminist phenomena that men and women do the same job, but women receive the reward not equally men. This can be because of males’ dominant society or, in other words, females are not aware of their basic rights. This study is the subjective analysis of reading the two novels of the pre-modern time: Umrao Jaan Ada by Hadi Ruswa and the post-modern era fiction: The Holy Woman by Qaisra Shahraz to analyze the custom prevalent in the society of Pakistan regarding the Marxist-feminist approach. The hypothesis is also, whether the situation varies after a hundred years of awareness. However, the study has the conclusion of the same state.

A Phenomenological Study of Multilingual Memory and Lexical Access

Thesis Title: A Phenomenological Study of Multilingual Memory and Lexical Access Bilingual memory has been a subject of psycholinguistic experimental studies for last 6 decades, whereas, the study of multilingual memory has so far largely been excluded. Moreover, the psycholinguistic studies, though proven highly insightful, have always excessively relied on the experimental tasks used in them to the extent that subjects as language users were overshadowed. These were the two concerns that led the present study to examine two of the psycholinguistic phenomena, multilingual memory and lexical access, phenomenologically without disregarding the insight gained from psycholinguistic studies. Under the phenomenological framework, lived experiences of Punjabi-Urdu-English (P-U-E) trilinguals were explored in order to find out the processes these trilinguals employed for learning the three languages and making them work. Three of the phenomenological methods: semi-structured lifeworld interviews, focus group discussions and essay writing, were used for eliciting the experiences of 40 P-U-E trilingual participants, chosen from three different age groups (18-23 years, 30-40 years, and 50-60 years or above) to observe developmental changes in the learning and use of the three languages over a long period of time. Data explicitation was carried out using Hycner’s (1985) 15-step process, especially formulated for keeping the essence of the participants’ experiences of the phenomena intact. Major findings were: (1) the effect of the age of acquisition on the learning of new languages, L2 as well as L3, (2) Dependence on Urdu for using English and translation asymmetry at lower L3 proficiency levels, (3) Developmental aspect, (4) The need to exert conscious control for stopping interference from the other two languages in order to speak one language consistently, and (5) Proficiency as the most significant factor in lexical selection. The findings of this phenomenological study when compared with the results of psycholinguistic experimental studies, a phenomenological model emerged that attempts to capture the trilingual memory structure of a P-U-E trilingual, i.e., how the three lexicons are organized, how they interact with each other, and how lexical access is accomplished.
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