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ڈاکٹر ذاکر حسین خان

آہ ذاکر صاحب !
ڈاکٹر ذاکر حسین صاحب کی ناگہانی وفات ہندوستان کا بہت بڑا قومی حادثہ ہے، وہ اسکا گوہر بے بہا تھے، ان کی موت سے وہ ایسی دولت سے محروم ہوگیا جس کی تلافی نہیں ہوسکتی، کم سے کم مسلمانوں میں ان کا بدل پیدا ہونا بہت دشوار ہے اور اب وہ اس نقصان کو محسوس کریں گے، وہ اپنے علمی کمالات ، فہم و فراست، قومی و تعلیمی خدمات، ایثار و قربانی اور اخلاق و سیرت کے لحاظ سے بہت بڑے انسان تھے، انھوں نے سیاست کے میدان میں کبھی قدم نہیں رکھا، لیکن اپنی بصیرت سے بڑی بڑی سیاسی گتھیوں کو آسانی سے سلجھا دیتے تھے، پنڈت جواہرلال نہرو کے بعد بین الاقوامی دنیا میں ہندستان کا وقار اُن ہی نے قائم رکھا۔
ان میں ابتدا سے غیر معمولی صلاحیتیں تھیں، ان کا آغاز ہی ان کے روشن مستقبل کا پتہ دیتا تھا طالب علمی ہی کے زمانہ سے ان کا قومی خدمت کا ولولہ اور ایثار و قربانی کا جذبہ تعلیم یافتہ نوجوانوں اور قومی کارکنوں کے لیے نمونہ تھا، اس زمانہ اور اس عمر میں جب ہونہار نوجوانوں کا منتہائے نظر اور ترقی کی سب سے بڑی معراج سرکاری عہدے اور تعیش کی زندگی تھی، انھوں نے ان کی طرف آنکھ اٹھا کر بھی نہ دیکھا، اور ان کے مقابلہ میں قومی خدمت اور غربت کی زندگی کو ترجیح دی اور اس راہ میں عمر کا بہترین حصہ صرف کردیا، ان کا زندہ کارنامہ ہندوستان کی پہلی آزاد قومی درسگاہ جامعہ ملیہ ہے، گو اس کے بانی حضرت شیخ الہند حکیم اجمل خاں اور مولانا محمد علی وغیرہ تھے۔ لیکن اس کے اصلی معمار وہی تھے، اور ان ہی نے جامعہ کو جامعہ بنایا اور اپنی زندگی میں اپنے لگائے ہوئے پودے کو ایک تناور درخت بنا گئے، اور آج...

The Role Of Attachment Style And Marital Quality In Attachment Injury Couples

The attachment system is thought to facilitate relationship goals by motivation seeking and bonding activities with significant others, particularly under times of stress (Bowlby, 1982). Attachment theory has also contributed to further understanding the marital relationship in terms of profound psychological and physiological interdependence. It is perhaps this interdependence that causes damage to the quality of attachment relationship. Hence, attachment injury is defined as “a specific incident or event in which one partner is unresponsive and inaccessible when one partner cries out for help in extreme need” (Johnson & Makinen, 2001). Therefore, marital distress or breakup in couple’s relationships does not happen suddenly, so understanding of attachment injury in relation to individual’s marital quality and attachment style would help practitioners to be equipped for appropriate and effective inventions. Further it would also help counsellors and mental health professionals to be familiar with the complexities of the topic by dealing with consequences of an attachment injury ethically and competently.  Therefore our study aimed at examining the prevalence and nature of attachment injury and its effect on marital quality, in a group of married heterosexual couples. It also attempted to associate attachment styles with and without attachment injury in couples. The study employed cross-sectional exploratory design with a set of self-administered measures. The sample comprised of 400 married individuals from urban Bangalore. Statistical results showed those individuals who were experiencing attachment injury are associated with poor marital quality. It was also seen that attachment injury was found to be associated with gender and insecure attachment style. Therefore our findings suggest that poor marital quality with insecure attachment style plays an important role in attachment injury over time. Based on the attachment style, further intervention strategies and effective programs should be designed for marital counselling. And marital enrichment programs may be useful to enhance marital quality to prevent the marital distress or breakups.

Synthesis, Characterization and In–Vitro Evaluation of Anticancer Potential of Chitosan–Coated Polyoxometalates Nanoparticles

Synthesis, Characterization and In–vitro Evaluation of Anticancer Potential of Chitosan–coated Polyoxometalates Nanoparticles Polyoxometalates (POMs) are discrete anions and have become significant in biomedical research due to their structural diversity which renders them highly active against bacterial, viral, cancer and HIV infection. In this study six different POMs were resynthesized and encapsulated within chitosan (CTS) through inotropic gelation technique. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized in terms of their surface morphology, particle size and zeta potential. All nanoparticles were observed non–spherical with hollow surface having particle diameter below 200 nm. For each formulation the observed zeta potential value was in acceptable limits (> 25 mV). The lowest particle diameter (91 ± 4 nm) was recorded for CTS–TiW11Co with zeta potential 52.0 ± 5.21 mV. The entrapment efficiency, dissolution studies and release kinetics were estimated for all nano formulations. The CTS–P5W30 nanoparticles showed the maximum entrapment efficiency (92 ± 9 %) while the release pattern of POMs from nanoparticles was observed as diffusion and polymer surface erosion. Enzyme inhibition study on tissue non–specific alkaline phosphatase was determined where free POMs and their nanoparticles were analyzed and compared with the standard inhibitor. The inhibition constant (Ki) value for CTS–TiW11Co (10.2 ± 9 ng/mL) was ten–fold lower than the Ki of levamisole (137.5 ± 29 ng/mL). The anticancer potential of free POMs and CTS conjugated nanoparticles were studied on two different cancer cell lines including human cervical cancer cells (HeLa cells) and human breast cancer cells (MCF–7 cells). Furthermore, the toxicity of these compounds was studied on normal cells (vero cells). The compounds CTS–TiW11Co and CTS–P5W30 were very effective on HeLa cells with IC50 of 8.94 ± 2.33 and 7.26 ± 2.55 μg/mL respectively. While these compounds showed the minimum toxicity on vero cells. The CTS–TiW11Co and CTS–P5W30 compounds also showed the lowest IC50 values when tested on MCF–7 cells with 4.55 ± 1.98 and 6.36 ± 1.22 (μg/mL) correspondingly. Based on maximum potential of cytotoxicity on x cancer cells and low toxicity toward normal cells, CTS–TiW11Co and CTS–P5W30 were selected for further experiments. The CTS–TiW11Co and CTS–P5W30 were morphologically analyzed for any signs of apoptosis with DAPI staining. The treated cells (HeLa and MCF–7) were characterized by chromatin condensation, cell shrinkage and formation of apoptotic bodies. A microscopic analysis of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was carried out with the help of fluorescent dye DCFH–DA. The dye was incubated with HeLa and MCF–7 cells after treatment with CTS–TiW11Co and CTS–P5W30 nanoparticles. The treated cells were characterized by glowing cells showing signs of lipid peroxidation and chromatin condensation. Furthermore, a DNA fragmentation analysis was carried out on HeLa and MCF–7 cells separately. The existence of DNA fragments had confirmed apoptosis in HeLa and MCF–7 cells treated with CTS–TiW11Co and CTS–P5W30 nanoparticles.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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