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بنیادی ماخذات

کتابیات

بنیادی ماخذات

ٔ٭          ناطق علی اکبر، بے یقین بستیوں میں، سٹی پریس بک شاپ، کراچی، 2010ء

٭             ناطق علی اکبر، در عدالت علے، عکس پبلیکشنز ، لاہور،2020ء

٭             ناطق علی اکبر، ریشم بننا کھیل نہیں، سانجھ پبلیکیشنز لاہور، 2019ء

٭             ناطق علی اکبر، سربستیوں کے غزال، سانجھ پبلیکشنز ،لاہور، 2018ء

٭             ناطق علی اکبر، سرمنڈل کا راجہ، سانجھ پبلیکشنز لاہور، 2016ء

٭             ناطق علی اکبر، سفیر لیلیٰ کلیات، بک کارنر، جہلم، 2022ء

٭             ناطق علی اکبر، شاہ محمد کا ٹانگہ،،سانجھ پبلیکشنز ، لاہور،2018ء

٭             ناطق علی اکبر، فقیر بستی میں تھا،عکس پبلیکشنز، لاہور،2019ء

٭             ناطق علی اکبر، قائم دین افسانے، سانجھ پبلیکیشنز ، لاہور،2018ء

٭             ناطق علی اکبر، نو لکھی کوٹھی، بک کارنر، جہلم، 2021ء

٭             ناطق علی اکبر، یاقوت کے ورق، آج پبلیکیشنز، کراچی، 2019ء

٭             ناطق علی اکبر ،کماری والا،بک کارنر ،جہلم، 2021

٭             ناطق علی اکبر،ھیت شعر، اسوۃکالج، اسلام آباد، 2016ء

ثانوی ماخذات

٭             احمد، عزیز، آگ، شاہراہ ،دہلی،2000ء

٭             اسلم آزاد، ڈاکٹر،اردو ناول آزادی کے بعد، کمانت پرکاش نزایا، بہرام دہلی، 1990ء

٭             اشفاق انیس ، دکھیارے،شہزاد،D-155، بلاک نمبر 5 گلشن اقبال، کراچی 2014ء

٭             تارڑ مستنصر حسین، خس وخاشاک زمانے، سنگ میل پبلیکشنز لاہور، 2010ء

٭             جاوید اختر ڈاکٹر، اردو کی ناول نگار خواتین، سنگ میل پبلیکیشنز،لاہور،1997ء

٭             حسین عبداللہ نادار لوگ، سنگ میل پبلیکیشنز ،لاہور، 2014ء

The British Colonial Encounter with the Pukhtuns: An Appraisal of Faqir Ippi’s Struggle against the British Raj (1936-1947)

The North-West Frontier region of the British Empire in India during the Great Game was part of the ‘Ring Fence Strategy’, framed by the Raj against its adversaries and rivals in Central and South Asia. To protect her ‘Jewel in the Crown’- India, the British Raj made several moves in the strategically placed Pukhtun1 land. The Pukhtun populace, adherent to their centuries old code of conduct, Puḳhtūnwali, consistently resisted the British encroachment of their territory. Mirza Ali Khan, popularly known as Faqir Ippi, was one of the many freedom fighters who challenged the imperialist power in this region. Taking notice of Islam Bibi’s case, a Hindu Convert, Faqir Ippi mobilized the Pukhtuns of Waziristan in defying and fighting the British. He was a serious contestant to the British authority with his well-known fighting skills, effective planning and guerilla tactics in one of the most difficult terrains. The entire Tribal Belt, especially Waziristan, proved to be a ‘turbulent frontier’ for nearly eleven years, i.e. 1936-1947. This insurgency started bringing bad name to the crown and encouraging others to rise against the British. To contain and end Faqir Ippi’s resistance, Governor George Cunningham hired the locals to instigate and bribe his followers to rise and fight against him. The aim of this paper is a critical evaluation of the British strategy in this region and an appraisal of Faqir Ippi’s response and assessment of how successful he was in invigorating Pukhtun resistance to defend their motherland, using both colonial and local sources.

Exploring Teachers Experiences of a Blended Teacher Professional Development Programme in Karachi, Pakistan

This study explored the experiences of participants of the blended learning in-service teacher professional development programme, which was initiated in 2015 by a Nongovernmental organization with financial support from an international donor agency. It was envisioned as a social movement aimed at changing the mindset of the teachers by instilling passion for professional development and promoting awareness among them so that they would be able to sustain their efforts in improving their students' learning outcomes. The exploratory study was situated within the qualitative research paradigm. Purposive sampling was used for selection of research site and participants. Four teachers, including two men and two women, were selected as research participants. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, document analysis and field notes. The multiple sources of data helped generate a rich pool of qualitative data which was analyzed using the data analysis spiral proposed by Creswell (2018). The analysis of the data revealed a number of key findings. Firstly, the findings suggested that a blended model had helped teachers in developing professional learning networking and motivated them towards self-directed learning. Secondly, the model had also helped in building teachers' self-confidence and enhancing their teaching skills. It also helped them get hands-on experience in the use of information communication technology (ICT) in teaching. The study identified some challenges with respect to the use of blended learning in in-service professional development for teachers. Some of these challenges were faced by the training participants when they attempted to implement their newly learnt techniques in their classrooms. Some of these major challenges included: the pressure of course completion, mismatch between the programme and ground realities, lack of resources and time, insufficient knowledge and lack of computer skills, lack of recognition, lack of follow-up support, lack of rewards, and finally a lack of monitoring mechanism system. This study is one of the few research studies conducted to understand the blended model in TPD programmes in Pakistan. It has made a small yet valuable contribution to the local body of literature, specifically in developing countries like Pakistan. It can be used as a reference resource for those who seek guidance regarding use of blended learning in teacher professional development. In conclusion, the overall findings revealed that the blended model has the potential to develop teachers' networking and professional competencies. Teachers are motivated to apply what they learnt during the training programme in their respective contexts. Therefore, it is
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