آزادی ایک نعمت عظیم ہے
صبحِ آزادی کا سورج جسم و جاں پہ قرض ہے
اس کی کِرنوں کی حفاظت اب تمھارا فرض ہے
آزادی خدا کی بہت بڑی نعمت ہے اور اس نعمت کا شکر ادا کرنا بہت بڑی سعادت ہے۔ شکر در اصل نعمت کی فراوانی کا سبب ہوا کرتا ہے اور کفرانِ نعمت زوال کا باعث بنتا ہے۔ شاکرین کے در پرنعمتیں مسلسل دستک دیتی رہتی ہیں۔
آج ہم اپنے گریبان میں منہ ڈال کر جھانکیں کہ ہم نے آزادی کی نعمت کا کس حد تک شکر ادا کیا ہے اور خدا اورمخلوقِ خدا سے جو وعدے کیے تھے انہیں کہاں تک پورا کیا ہے؟
ہم نے نعرہ لگایا تھا کہ’’ ہم پاکستان میں قرآن کا قانون جاری کریں گے۔ نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلم کی سنت کی روشنی میں زندگی کا سفر طے کریں گے۔ نیکی کا عَلم بلند کریں گے اور بدی کو سرنگوں کر کے چھوڑیں گے ، گناہوں کی اندھیری رات میں نیکی کے دیئے جلائیں گے اور شبِ تیرہ کی تیرگی کا جنازہ نکال کر دم لیں گے۔ جبر و استبدادکی کالی گھٹائیں چھٹ جائیںگی۔ عدل وانصاف کا قاضی محمودو ایاز کو ایک صف میں کھڑا کر دے گا۔ غربت کے مہیب سائے رخصت ہو جائیں گے۔ تنگدستی او محتاجی کے عفریت کو منہ کی کھانی پڑے گی۔ خوشحالی کا آفتاب طلوع ہوگا اور افلاس زدہ انسان امن و عافیت کے گہوارے میں خوشی کے نغمے گاتے ہوئے زندگی بسر کریں گے۔
یہ تھے وہ مقاصد جن کے حصول کے لیے برصغیر کے لاکھوں بلکہ کروڑوں انسانوں نے ناقابلِ فراموش قربانیاں دیں۔ اسی ارض پاک کے لیے ہمیں آگ اور خون کے دریاؤں سے گزرنا پڑا۔ یہ پاکستان نہ تو حسینوں کی اداؤںسے بنا اور نہ ہی یہ مغنّیہ کی صداؤں سے بنا اور نہ ہی...
Background and Aim: To evaluate the association of pectoralis minor muscle length and the shoulder range of motion with and without shoulder pain.
Methodology: A sample of 214 participants with and without shoulder pain were enrolled in an analytical cross sectional study at Institute of physical medicine and rehabilitation, Dow University of health sciences, Karachi. Questionnaire was provided to all participants after taking consent. Individuals were categorized into two equal groups i.e. one with and the other without pain). Shoulder active ranges were measured with universal goniometer and pectoralis minor length with measuring tape. Statistical Package of Social Sciences version 21 was used for data analysis. The descriptive variables were assessed for frequencies and percentages. Continuous variables were shown with mean and standard deviations and were correlated with bivariate correlation test. Considered significant was 0.05 p value.
Results: Females were 176(82.2%) and males were 38 (17.8%). Mean ± SD of age, weight, height, and BMI were 26.82 ±7.50, 58.45 ±12.11, 160.59 ± 12.43, and 22.18 ±3.78 respectively. The pain intensity negatively correlated with shoulder range of motions (rs = -0.307 to -0.775, p< 0.05) except medial rotation. Significant difference (p< 0.05) is found for length of pectoralis minor and range of motion between groups. There was also weak positive correlation between pectoralis minor index and shoulder lateral rotation (rs =0.215; p = 0.003).
Conclusion: The shoulder pain affects shoulder joint range of motion and pectoralis minor length. Decreased pectoralis minor muscle length accompanies limited shoulder range of motion except, medial rotation.
The study reported in this thesis has the following major objectives: (i) to find out effect of emotional
literacy on academic achievement in terms of experimental group and control group (ii) to find out the
difference of treatment effect between the students of low achievers group and high achievers group
(iii) To find out difference regarding treatment effect in terms of students of experimental group and
control group on the basis of variable emotional intelligence. The researcher selected 60 students of
10th class of Government Boys High School, Isa Khel (Mianwali District).
The sample was equally divided into the experimental group and the control group. Both the groups
were equated on the basis of the scores of 9th class in the Board examination (treated as pre-test). A
pre-test for emotional intelligence was also administered to find out emotional quotient (EQ) of the
experimental and the control group. A curriculum of emotional literacy consisted of Chapters 4-9 taken
from Goleman’s book entitled: “Working with Emotional Intelligence” was taught as treatment to the
experimental group. A short syllabus (Appendix-D) from Urdu Book (Part II) for 10th class was taught
to both experimental and control groups in a combined class by the same teacher. The study lasted for
twelve weeks. After twelfth week, two separate post-tests (one for academic achievement and other for
emotional intelligence) were administered to the both experimental and control groups.
Data were collected, tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted in the light of the objectives of study. Data
were analyzed by applying t-test and (2x2) ANOVA. The findings of the study revealed that there is a
considerable effect of emotional literacy on the academic achievement of the students at secondary
level. It was also found that emotional literacy has improved emotional intelligence of the students.
Moreover, it was found that emotional literacy was equally helpful and effective for both high achievers
and the low achievers. Finally, on the basis of the findings of the study, the researcher put forward some
feasible and practicable suggestions/ recommendations in this area.
It is recommended to include emotional literacy in the curriculum as a compulsory subject, particularly
at secondary level. Emotional education may be utilized in solving the issues of problematic behaviors
of the children in the schools. The managers of educational institutions may monitor teaching learning
process with a view to implementing emotional literacy policy. A special curriculum model suitable for
the subject of emotional literacy may be devised. Moreover, public awareness regarding the importance
of emotional literacy should be increased by using mass media. Emotional literacy should be made an
important element of professional training of teachers, managers, curriculum developers. For further
research it is recommended that the present study needs to be replicated with students and schools at
larger scale and context. The association of Emotional Quotient (EQ) with Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is
another aspect which needs to be addressed.