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دکھ درد کے مارے ہوئے انسان کی صورت

دکھ درد کے مارے ہوئے انسان کی صورت
بیٹھا ہوں درِ یار پہ دربان کی صورت

افسوس کہ اس بات کو ہم بھول چکے ہیں
کس دنیا میں ہم آئے ہیں مہمان کی صورت

مجھ پر جو تری ایک عنایت کی نظرِ ہو
بن جائے گی یہ درد کے درمان کی صورت

صورت کی تری روز میں کرتا ہوں تلاوت
صورت ہے تری آیتِ قرآن کی صورت

صورت وہ نظر آئے تو چمکے یہ مقدر
ہو تشنہ نگاہوں کے بھی درمان کی صورت

کیوں شہر مجھے لگتا ہے ویران ہی سارا
کیوں گھر بھی مجھے لگتا ہے زندان کی صورت

ہونٹوں پہ مرے ذکر نبیؐ جاری ہے تائبؔ
صد رشک ملک ہے مرے ایمان کی صورت

A Sharia’h Perspective of Minimum Account Balance Requirement in Islamic Banking

ABSTRACT: Banks charge fee on saving and current accounts or downgrade them when the balance drops below a threshold point. This could be justified in conventional banking on pure business grounds; however, it is an issue of concern in Islamic banking because of the underlying Shari’a (Islamic Law) issues in this practice. While some Islamic banks charge incidental fees, as practiced by conventional banks, on accounts with low balances, others simply stop paying profits on such savings accounts and some even downgrade them by stopping some of the free sendees. This conceptual paper addresses the Shari'a aspect of such practices in Islamic banking. The paper first presents a broader picture of Islamic banks’ practices in relation to this issue and then explores relevant Shari'a principles. The current market practices are then analyzed in light of Shari’a principles. The findings reveal that imposing restrictions/ charges on low-balance savings and current accounts are against the basic tenets ofShari’a principles. The implications of the paper are twofold. Firstly, it opens up a whole new dimension of literature in the field of Islamic banking by instigating an important untouched area. Secondly, it strongly recommends that Islamic banks reconsider their practices in this regard in order to stay viable in the long run. The paper also gives alternative recommendations for addressing the problem in a Shari’a compliant way

Isolation and Identification of Polyhydroxy Alkanoates Accumulating Bacteria from Sugar-Cane Industry Waste

Polyhydroalkanoates (PHAs) are polyesters that are synthesized by different microorganism and stored as granules in microbes. They are used as a food under starvation. Studies have shown that physical properties of different PHAs resemble significantly to the petroleum based plastics and polyethylene. Additionally, microbial PHAs can be spun, mould and converted into filaments. On the other hand, PHAs are biodegradable material. Such promising features make PHAs as a potential candidate for next generation plastic as it will reduce the pollution caused by the petroleum based plastics. However, PHAs are costly as compared to the different petroleum based plastics. Therefore, researchers are trying to identify new microbes that may produce high amount of PHAs from waste carbon sources. They can accumulate high concentration of PHAs. During the crushing season sugar industries are producing tones of organic waste, specifically they are draining a considerable amount of sugar in canals. This can be a source of food for different types of bacteria, specifically for PHA accumulating bacteria. In this study, different PHAs accumulating bacteria were identified from the swage of sugar industry waste. Five soil and sewage samples were collected and stored at room temperature. For isolation and identification of PHAs accumulating bacteria, Samples were allowed to grow on LB agar medium plates supplemented with 1% Nile blue A. Different concentrations of Nile blue A were used for different incubation periods and colonies were screened. All these colonies were observed under ultraviolet light; PHAs accumulating bacteria were showed bright orange color inflorescence while non PHAs accumulating bacteria appeared white. The PHAs accumulating bacteria were selected and then amplified for 16S rRNA gene sequencing through PCR. In this study we have identified five PHAs accumulating bacteria from the waste of sugarcane industry by using the chemical and sequence analysis. These bacteria can be used for the laboratory and large scale production of different types of PHAs.
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