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دل میں ایسا درد اٹھا ہے

دل میں ایسا درد اُٹھا ہے
سارا منظر چیخ رہا ہے

اُس کی یاد ہے دل سے گزری
دل میں کیا کیا شور مچا ہے

میری بات نہ مانے گا وہ
مجھ کو اُس کا خوب پتا ہے

دل اندر غم کی شدّت سے
خون کا اِک دریا بہتا ہے

یاد کے بوٹے سوکھ نہ جائیں
دل دریا پانی دیتا ہے

دل کی باتیں وہ کیا جانے
اُس کا دل تو پتھّر کا ہے

دل پر درد کا پتھّر رکھ کر
مجھ کو اُس جیسا بننا ہے

درد سے دل یہ بیٹھ نہ جائے
اب مجھ کو یہ ڈر لگتا ہے

جھوٹ تو بول نہیں سکتا میں
صادقؔ کا مطلب سچّا ہے

حالت امن کے قواعد کلیہ: فقہائے کرام کی آراء کی روشنی میں

The value of Shari’ah Maxims is realized all over the world. These maxims keep a superlative significance over all legal maxims as their sources are based on Qur’ān and Sunnah that is the real source of islamic law. Shari’ah Maxims such a important subject of islamic law that simplifies the interpretation of shari’ah. If the Shari’ah Maxims are inculcated and conceived properly then there is no need to burn midnight oil in learning the large number of sub-titles of Shari’ah. The fiqh defines the Shari’ah Maxims as the principles organized. This article explores the Four important Shari’ah Maxims relating to peace  and ethics of a muslim state towards its non-muslim residants. It includes the meanings, arguments and real life examples about these maxims. These maxims are: (الذمی من اھل دارنا کالمسلم)Zimmies are considered equalent to the muslims of state.(الامر بیننا وبین الکفار مبنی علی المجازاۃ)The relations between muslims and non-muslims countries are based on equality.(ان حرمۃ قتل المستامن من حق اللہ تعالی)Those who have the entry into the muslim state with permit and peaceful intention, must be protected and neither be killed nor be harmed.(عبارۃ الرسول کعبارۃ المرسل)Any ambassador of the state will be considered the real representative of the sender who can completely deal all the things on behalf of his sender. Today it’s the dire need of the time to implement these Shari’ah Maxims generaly for the humanity and especially for Muslims Countries to solve the critical issues, because today the world needs peace the most as it was needed never before.

The Potential for Breeding Upland Cotton under Limited Water Conditions

The primary objective of the present work described in this manuscript was to develop some understanding of improving water stress tolerance in upland cotton through selection and breeding. Root is an important plant organ related to drought stress and significant achievements have been obtained, using rooting technique, for other stresses e.g. salinity. To achieve the objective, 80 cotton accessions were screened out measuring four morphological plant characters including root length, and one physiological parameter i.e. cell membrane injury. Water stress imposed for 45 days significantly reduced shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight of 80 cotton accessions, and these accessions differed to a great extent from each other, and sensitivity varied from very tolerant to very sensitive. Some of the accessions like B-557 and DPL-26 showed small leakage of ions due to stress, and were revealed as moisture stress tolerant accessions. Cell membrane injury showed a positive relationship with moisture stress tolerance. The injury was less in tolerant accessions, thus it proved to be a reliable indicator of water status. Indices of stress tolerance showed a wide range of variability based upon parameters measured. The genetic basis of variation in moisture stress tolerance was investigated using the diallel technique. Both additive and dominance properties of genes appeared to control variation at low and high moisture stress, but genes acting cumulatively were more associated with the stress phenomenon. Due to the additive gene effects, estimates of narrow sense heritabilities for water stress tolerance were greater, showing that rapid improvement in the character may be made through single plant selection from F2 segregating population, based upon final productivity of seed cotton yield. Physiological mechanisms like cell membrane injury, relative water content and excised leaf water loss are also conditioned by polygenes, and thus may be improved through selection. The overall conclusion of this work is that cotton varies for moisture stress tolerance, and this tolerance has a reasonably good additive component, and further breeding work would be valuable for developing upland cotton cultivars suitable for moisture deficit area.
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