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فقیر بستی میں تھا

فقیر بستی میں تھا

                ناطق نے ایم فل اردو منہاج یونیورسٹی لاہور سے کیا اور ان کا مقالہ محمد حسین آزاد پر تھا۔ اسی مقالہ کو انہوں نے دوبارہ تھوڑا تبدیل کرکے ایک نئے نام سے شائع کروایا یعنی فقیر بستی میں تھا یہ ایک سوانحی ناول ہے جسے انہوں نے اپنی تخلیقی مہارت کے ذریعے ایک نیا روپ دیا۔ ’’فقیر بستی میں تھا‘‘عکس پبلی کیشنز لاہور نے 2019ء میں چھاپا۔ناطق نے نہایت خوبصورتی سے اس کتاب کو 45 حصوں میں تقسیم کیا ہے اور اپنے ہر ایک عنوان میں آزادزندگی کا پہلو بیان کیا گیا ہے۔کتاب کا انتساب آغا سلمان باقر کے نام لکھاہے۔کتاب نہایت مہارت سے لکھی گئی ہے پڑھتے ہوئے محسوس ہوتا ہے کہ لکھنے کیلئے کہاں کہاں کی خاک چھانی گئی ہوگی۔انہوں نے  آزاد کی شخصیت کے تمام پہلوؤں پر روشنی ڈالی ہے ۔ایسا محسوس ہوتا ہے کہ ناطق کی طرح قاری بھی کتاب پڑھ کر آزاد کا عاشق بن جائے گا۔اس ضمن میں شہناز نقوی لکھتی ہیں :

’’مجھے یوں محسوس ہوا جیسے میں کوئی seasonsدیکھ رہی ہوں ، عمدہ طرز بیان کو پڑھنے والا بھی مولانا آزاد کے ساتھ ساتھ خود کو محسوس کرنے لگتا ہے۔کتاب کا اسلوب اتنا پرکشش ہے کہ قاری کو کہیں بھی بوجھل پن محسوس نہیں ہوتا ورنہ تحقیقی کتب پڑھناذرا مشکل مرحلہ ہوتا ہے۔‘‘(15)

                انہوں نے آزادکی  زندگی کو اس طرح لکھا کہ قاری بھی آزاد کا دیوانہ ہوجائے ناطق نے خود بھی آزاد کی کتاب جب آب حیات پڑھی تھی تو بار بار اس کتاب کو تقریباً چالیس مرتبہ پڑھا،اسی لیے ایم فل اردو میں اس عنوان پہ مقالہ تحریر کرنے کا فیصلہ کیا۔

سیرت النبی ﷺ میں احتسابی عمل کی مثالیں: وفاقی محتسب پاکستان کے فرائض کا اختصاصی مطالعہ

In any society, the administration has the status of a pillar, and its good or bad move directly impacts society. There are institutions to compensate public complaints on government initiatives in many countries of the world that keep check on government administrations. For this purpose "Federal Ombudsman" was established in Pakistan. The main responsibilities of this institution include the execution to enjoin the right and forbid the wrong (Amr bil Ma’rūf wal Nahi ‘An al Munkar), monitoring government employees in administrative matters, hearing the complaints of the public against organizations and preventing them from violating individual rights. In this article, it has been reviewed that how we can seek guidance from the Sīrah of the Prophet (P.B.U.H) is in this matter, to evaluate the present system of "Federal Ombudsman". In addition, the main responsibilities of the "Federal Ombudsman" were discussed in the article. In conclusion recommendations have been made for further improvement.

Selecting, Quantifying, Optimizing, and Understanding Visualization Techniques: A Computational Intelligence-Based Approach

Information visualization is a prominent technique to visually explore and analyze large volumes of data effectively. Visualization must be aesthetically appealing and perceptually pleasing to the human cognition. This needs necessitates a framework to predict visualization technique based on two aspects: the underlying dataset and the task to be performed on it. Additionally, the resultant visualization must be optimal in the context of aesthetics and human perception. This dissertation contributes in three perspectives that subsume information visualization aspects: automatic technique selection of a visualization, quantifying and optimizing visualization layout, and visualizing software trace. The study provides computational intelligence (CI) model to predict a visualization technique based on the metadata of original dataset and relevant tasks. Similarly, visualization metrics are formulated to objectively measure the visualization quality. Based on these metrics, an evolutionary algorithm optimizes the visualization layout. Finally, the hierarchical visualization technique is used to study the usage of application programming interface (API) objects in the program trace. The trace is collected using the bytecode instrumentation. This dissertation has three parts. First part aims to predict an appropriate visualization technique for a specific dataset. A customize dataset is built using the knowledge that exists in the contemporary literature on various visualization techniques. The dataset comprise of four metadata attributes, relevant task, and the visualization techniques. The study develops an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict a visualization technique using five input and eight output neurons. Optimal neural network architecture is obtained by evaluating various structures with different network configuration. Several well-known performance metrics, i.e., confusion matrix, accuracy, precision, and sensitivity of the classification are used to compare various neural network architectures. Additionally, the best ANN Abstract model is compared with five other well-known classifiers: k-nearest neighbor (k-NN), naïve Bayes (NB), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM). Second part provides design of an optimal visualization using visualization quality metrics. Initially, the study focuses on the design parameters which contribute towards the quality of a visualization technique. Visualization metrics are proposed to measure the aesthetic and perceptual characteristics of visualization. They include: effectiveness, expressiveness, readability, and interactivity. An evolutionary algorithm (EA)-based framework to optimize the layout of a visualization technique is also proposed. Treemap visualization technique is used for layout optimization using the EA. These results are evaluated using control experiments and benchmark tasks. The last part uses treemap-based visualization to analyze API objects used in the software, particularly to understand API’s objects during runtime of Java programs. The work consists of two aspects: the extraction of APIs information using bytecode instrumentation, and development of a visualization tool to analyse the traces using treemaps. Initially, a bytecode instrumentation tool is developed to probe and collect runtime information. The extracted information is logged into an extensible markup language (XML) file. The log file is synthesized using treemap. The instrumentation part is evaluated using twenty benchmark and ten real world applications. The results show that the instrumentation tool causes minimal runtime overheads.
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