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شیخ مشیر حسین قدوائی

شیخ مشیر حسین قدوائی
گزشتہ سال کے خاتمہ پر ۲۳؍ دسمبر ۱۹۳۷؁ء کو شیخ مشیر حسین صاحب قدوائی بیرسٹرایٹ لادتعلقہ دارگدیہ (بارہ بنکی صوبۂ اودھ) نے انسٹھ (۵۹) برس کی عمر میں دل کی پرانی بیماری سے وفات پائی، مرحوم اسلام کے پرجوش سپاہی تھے، عمر بھر فرنگستان کی وادیوں میں اپنے قلم سے مصروف جہاد رہے، ووکنگ مشن کی قلمی کوششوں میں ان کا حصہ نہایت اہم ہے، جنگ عظیم کے زمانہ میں ووکنگ ہی میں مقیم تھے، یورپ کے بڑے بڑے مشاہیر سے ملاقاتیں رکھتے تھے اور دنیائے اسلام کے اکثر اکابر سے ان کی ذاتی واقفیت اور مراسلت تھی، وہ اتحاد اسلامی کی تحریک کے بانیوں اور ملک کے سیاسی آزادی کے حامیوں میں تھے، ۱۹۲۰؁ء میں فیض آباد خلافت کانفرنس کے صدر کی حیثیت سے انہوں نے جو خطبہ پڑھا تھا وہ ہندوستان میں ترکی اور یورپ کے معاملات کے متعلق پہلا ذریعہ علم تھا، مرحوم اپنی اخیر زندگی تک اسلام کی خدمت میں مصروف رہے، ان کی وفات سے شاید چند ہی روز پہلے ان کی آخری انگریزی تصنیف ’’اسلام اور بولشزم‘‘ چھپ کر نکلی تھی، اﷲ تعالیٰ اس سپاہی کی مجاہدانہ قلمی خدمات کو حسن قبول اور تاثیر بخشے اور اس کو بہشت بریں کی نعمت عطا فرمائے۔
مرحوم سے واقفیت تو ہندوستان ہی میں تھی، مگر میرا ان کا ساتھ ۱۹۲۰؁ء میں انگلستان میں ہوا، جہاں وہ وفد خلافت کے ساتھ آکر مقیم ہوئے تھے، مرحوم انگلستان کے قیام میں بھی نمازوں کی پابندی کیا کرتے تھے اور وضو اور طہارت کا اہتمام رکھتے تھے، مرحوم ندوہ کے پرانے رکن تھے، ندوہ کی سرکاری امداد کے معاملہ میں ان کی کوششیں بھی شامل تھیں، غالباً ۱۹۰۸؁ء میں اسی سلسلہ میں جب انگریز انسپکٹر آف اسکولس ندوہ کو دیکھنے کے لئے آیا تو مرحوم اس کے ساتھ تھے، اس زمانہ میں...

الأبعاد النفسية والتربوية في نظر سيدنا عمر بن الخطاب تجاه القدس

When looking at the history of every human civilization, one may find some people or places that go down in history, and their biography does not disappear until God inherits the land and those on it. One of these places is the city of Jerusalem, a city where no two differ on its importance. A city that is home for sanctuaries, history, and monuments and every inch speaks of its greatness. Especially in the history of Islam, which linked it wonderfully to the Qibla of Muslims (the Sacred Mosque) after it was the first Qibla in the history of Islam. This high standing link was perpetuated by the Holy Qur’an in Surat Al-Isra and in many other places. This research has shown its importance to Muslims, the reason Muslims love it and their dedication to defending every single grain of its sand, and how did the esteemed Companions view it? This research spoke about some of the aspects that are related to the personality of our master Omar bin Al-Khattab, may God be pleased with him, (which are the psychological and educational aspects) while looking at the importance of Jerusalem to him, may God be pleased with him, which existed since pre-Islamic time and how it extended to the time of Islam and has emerged during his caliphate, may God be pleased with him.

Cost-Effective Routing & Cooperative Framework for Opportunistic Networks

In Opportunistic Networks most of Internet''s basic assumptions do not hold true. Due to sparse density of nodes and frequent changes in network topology, an endto- end contemporaneous path may not exist. However, sporadic links emerging from coarse-grained mobility of nodes can be construed over a period of time, as presence of a complete path between a pair of nodes. Nodes hold a packet in permanent storage until an appropriate communication opportunity arises, which can help in further forwarding of the packet. In order to avoid packet loss, multiple copies of a single message are generally sent within the network, independently making their way to eventual destination. This design decision poses extra burden over network resources, and unnecessary utilization may result in degrading performance in resource-stringent environments. Hence, there is need to reduce this extra overhead, by determining e ective next-hop utility of nodes, and to better utilize network capacity with real time comprehension of dynamic network characteristic. Heterogeneity of nodes, in terms of capabilities or mobility patterns poses several challenges in de ning a utility function thatts all. Moreover, multi-hop routing protocols generally assume altruistic behavior of nodes. However, this assumption is not always true, as by agreeing to forward messages a node is contributing its resources such as memory, processing power, energy etc. Non-cooperative behavior may reduce e ective node density and can be devastating in opportunistic environments, where intermediary hops are required to share custody of messages. We target these issues in this thesis. In order to addressrst problem, we present a \Multi-Attribute Routing Scheme" (MARS) based on \Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique" (SMART) that collects samples of important information about a node''s di erent characteristics. This stochastic picture of a node behavior is then e ectively employed in calculatvii ing its next-hoptness. We also devise a method based on learning rules of neural networks to dynamically determine relative importance of each dimension. Hence, estimations based on an optimized combination of multiple parameters help in taking wiser decisions in relay nodes selection with inherent advantage of e cient utilization of network capacity. In second part of thesis, we analyze the aspect of nodes cooperation in challenged networks. We propose a novel framework to stimulate cooperation among nodes, which is deployed as an overlay to assist Destination-Dependent (DD) utility-based schemes. We envision that such an assistance mechanism to stimulate cooperation among nodes have the potential to help with practical deployments of DD utility schemes in real scenarios a icted with sel sh nodes.
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