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محمد اسلم تاب

تاب(۱۹۲۹ء ) کا اصل نام محمد اسلم ہے۔ لیکن ان کی پہچان تابؔ اسلم کے نام سے ہے ۔آپ سیالکوٹ میں پیدا ہوئے۔ ۱۹۴۸ء میں محکمہ برقیات میں ملازم ہو گئے۔ ۱۹۴۹ء میں ان کی پہلی نظم ’’ادب لطیف‘‘میں مرزا ادیب نے شامل کی۔ تابؔ نے شاعری کا آغاز سکول کے زمانے سے ہی کر دیا تھا۔ مقامی ادبی تنظیموں اور مشاعروں میں باقاعدگی سے ایک سامع کی حیثیت سے شرکت کرتے تھے۔(۷۶۴)تابؔ کے ابتدائی کلام میں سادگی اور معصومیت نظر آتی ہے۔ ان کا شعری کلام ’’فردوس ادب‘‘، ’’اوراق‘‘،’’افکار‘‘،’’لیل و نہار‘‘،’’امروز‘‘، ’’مشرق‘‘،’’لاہور‘‘،’’رابطہ‘‘،’’کراچی‘‘،’’ادب لطیف‘‘،’’ادبی دنیا‘‘،’’ہمایوں‘‘،’’نیرنگ خیال‘‘،’’فنون‘‘، ’’ساقی‘‘کراچی اور ’’ید بیضا‘‘سیالکوٹ میں شائع ہوتارہا۔ تابؔ جگر مراد آبادی کے ساتھ سیالکوٹ کے مشاعروں میں شرکت کرتے تھے۔ ۱۹۶۰ء میں ’’بزمِ فکر و فن‘‘ ایک ادبی تنظیم کے تاب سیکرٹری مقرر ہوئے۔ ۱۹۶۴ء میں تابؔ نے سیالکوٹ میں ’’حلقہ اربابِ ذوق‘‘ نے نام سے ایک انجمن قائم کی جس کے کئی سال تابؔ سیکرٹری رہے۔(۷۶۵) تاب کا پہلا شعری مجموعہ ’’زخمِ وفا‘‘ ۱۹۷۲ء کو مکتبہ عالیہ لاہورنے شائع کیا۔ دوسرا شعری مجموعہ’’نقشِ آب‘‘ ۱۹۷۵ء کو مکتبہ عالیہ نے طبع کیا۔ تیسرا شعری مجموعہ ’’سراب جاں‘‘ بنگش بک ڈپو لاہور نے ۱۹۹۵ء میں شائع کیا۔ چوتھا شعری مجموعہ ’’تیرے یاد کے سارے موسم‘‘ الحمد پبلی کیشنز لاہور نے ۲۰۰۱ء میں طبع کیا۔ تابؔ اسلم کا پانچواں شعری مجموعہ’’درد تیرے فراق کے ‘‘ نام سے زیر تکمیل ہے۔

تاب نے۱۹۴۹ء میں اپنی شاعری کی ابتدا کی تو ان کی زیادہ توجہ نظم کی طرف تھی ۔انھوں نے کم وبیش ہر موضوع پر نظم تحریر کی۔ بعد میں ان کا غالب رجحان غزل کی طرف رہا۔ آج بھی وہ غزل لکھ رہے ہیں مگر کہیں کہیں نظم بھی لکھتے...

COLLABORATIVE TEAM IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DYSPHAGIA

Dear Editor, Swallowing is an essential requirement for life. Eating is not only a practical act (i.e., obtaining the nutrition necessary for survival) but also involves social interaction. Having meals with family and friends is almost universally necessary for personal interactions1. Dysphagia is derived from the Greek Language "Dys" which means “difficulty or dysfunction" and "Phagia" means "to eat". However, it is defined as difficulty in processing or swallowing food from mouth to stomach2.

Modeling and Analysis of Workflow Management System With Petrinets

Formal methods are proposed to arrange and establish strictness in stages for the development of software. This method assists to avoid serious issues, offer standard resources to record various hypotheses and conclusion and outline a source for stability among many connected activities. Workflow management system assists the administration to define and coordinate different departments such as several employees and systems. By using the workflow management system the administration can control, monitor, optimize the problem and maintain the business process. Formal approaches are used for designing and verification of the proposed system. The organization can save the time of development and implementation of the model. By using Petri net formalism we can design and model the specification and verification of multifaceted workflows. This research work focuses on the methods for modeling, analysis and simulation of workflow management system. A proposed model is developed, which almost eliminate the risks of logical errors before starting the code of the software. In this research work, the workflow model is designed for a railway reservation system. This organization has different reservation offices at different locations. These offices are interlinked with each other. To design a model of this company multi-agent based technique is used and each office works as an agent of the system. This research is intended to design an interaction model for the cooperation between these offices (modules). Petri net formalism is applied for modeling, analysis and verification purposes to show the workflow in between these offices (modules for entire system). This research is intended to design an interaction model for the cooperation between these offices (Agents). By using CPN tool four stations? models are designed and verified their liveness, boundedness and reversibility through invariants. After this these micro models also known as Agents are joined to a single macro model known as Railway Reservation System (RRS), where each Agent represents as a place by using the idea of nets within nets. These agents interact with each other through transitions in macro model. Due to state space explosion it is not possible to analyze each micro model through reachability graph, so analysis is done through place and transition invariants. Macro model is then verified through reachability graph as well as through invariants by using CPN tool and MATLAB.
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