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کتاب بہترین ساتھی

کتاب بہترین ساتھی
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز اسا تذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب ساتھیو!
آج مجھے جس موضوع پر لب کشائی کرنی ہے وہ ہے:’’کتاب بہترین ساتھی‘‘
صدرِذی وقار!
کتابوں سے محبت عظیم لوگوں کا شیوہ ہوتا ہے، کتابوں سے محبت کر نے والا آسمانوں کی بلندیوں پر پرواز کرتا ہے، کتابوں کا مطالعہ کر نے والا کبھی تنہائی کا شکار نہیں ہوتا، کتب بینی ایسا شوق وذوق ہے جس سے جہالت کے بادل چھٹ جاتے ہیں اور مطلع دل و دماغ پر صاحبِ علم و دانش کا آفتاب و ماہتاب چمکناشروع ہو جاتا ہے۔
جنابِ صدر!
کتب کی رفاقت ایک ایسی رفاقت ہے کہ جو اپنے ہم نشیں کو بھی تنہائی کا شکار نہیں ہونے دیتی، جو اپنے ہم نشیں کے دل میں خلوتوں اور تنہائیوں کی وحشت کو ختم کر کے محبت و مودّت کے شگوفے کھلاتی ہے، کتب کے مطالعہ سے تاریخِ عالم پڑھنے کا موقع ملتا ہے۔ قوموں کے عروج و زوال سامنے آتے ہیں، قوموں کی معاشی ، اقتصادی، سیاسی اور روحانی زندگی سے آشنائی ہوتی ہے۔
محترم صدر!
تاریخ اسلام اس بات پر شاہد ہے کہ مسلمانوں کو کتب بینی و مطالعہ میں ہمیشہ ایک امتیازی مقام حاصل رہا ہے، مسلمانوں نے ہمیشہ کتابوں سے محبت کی ہے ، دسمبر کی زمستانی ہوائیں ہوں، یا جون کی تڑپا دینے والی دھوپ، وقت عصر ہو یارات کا پچھلا پہر ،تدریسی اسباق کی تیاری ہو یاممبر رسول پر وعظ کے لیے تقریر کی تیاری، کسی امتحان کی تیاری کرنی ہو یا فکرآخرت کی تیاری کتب ہائے خیر سے ذی شعور اور ذی فہم و فراست افراد کی دوستی مثالی رہی ہے۔
جنابِ صدر!
اچھی کتاب ایک بہترین سرمایہ ہوتی ہے۔ دنیا و آخرت کی ساتھی...

Understanding Post-earthquake Gender Susceptibility in Balakot Tehsil, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Drawing on the theoretical perspectives of structural vulnerability and violence, this study examines how the ‘2005 earthquake’ in Pakistan affected the female gender. It aims to find out the unique experiences of the socio-cultural vulnerability of gender, which led them to migrate towards other places. It attempts to identify those factors which contributed to women's vulnerability. Qualitative research methods, such as key-informant and in-depth interviews, were used in this research. In-depth interviews were conducted by using a purposive sampling technique with thirty highly affected women of Balakot belonging to twenty-five households. The present study finds out six major themes, almost all dealing with a lack of privacy and females’ private domain. These include: a) gendered migration; b) ethnicity; c) problems of toilet and bathing; d) problems for pregnant women; e) difficulty in looking after the family; and, f) forced sexual relations. Data collection from respondents of different ages, class, and caste helped us to understand the lived experiences of the women of Balakot. The study finds out that gendered vulnerability plays a very important role in making decisions to migrate. This study might influence governments to bring the required changes in their policies to serve the women population better during and after disasters.

Psychological Aspects of Death Rituals in Pakistan.

This multidimensional research had three aspects. First aspect was the literature review entitled as Text Analysis of Quran and Ahadees regarding mourning and death rituals. The objective of this study was to clarify the exact position and limits of death rituals, commemorating the deceased and mourning in Quran and six authentic books of ahadees. The data were selected on the computer software to sample the text from Quran and Siha-e-Sittah. Thematic analysis was performed on the verses and ahadees. The second aspect was relationship between psychopathology and death rituals in the bereaved first degree relatives. The study aimed at finding relationship between psychopathology, death rituals and socio demographic variables.290 adult bereaved first degree relatives participated in the study through purposive convenient sampling technique. Written informed consent was taken and booklets containing instruments were given to the literate participants to fill in accordingly, while test instruments were applied on illiterate participants in interview format conducted by the researcher. Statistical techniques of Spearman correlation, independent sample t test, univariate analysis of variance and stepwise linear regression were applied on the data.The third study was psychological aspect of grief and death rituals among the bereaved first degree relatives that commemorate death rituals and those who do not. Objective of the study was to understand the psychological mechanism of grief and adaptation in people who observe death rituals and the reason that may be responsible for the need to commemorate the deceased in form of death rituals and the psychological mechanism of grief and its adaptation in the people who do not observe death rituals.30 bereaved first degree relatives (15 from each group) were included in the study through purposive convenient sampling technique. Semi structured interviews were taken from the participants and analyzed through grounded theory analysis. Results of study one found that mourning is strictly forbidden after three days since death of a relative or friend except for the death of husband. The prescribed period for mourning after the death of a husband is four months and ten days. Mourning is compulsory during this period. Attending funeral, funeral prayer, and burial is encouraged for men in the society. In study two, statistical analysis showed that psychopathology in the group that observed the culture specific death rituals did not differ significantly with the group that does not observe death rituals. The rate of psychopathology was high in the bereaved first degree relatives. Psychopathology was higher in women, later years of life, and it decreased with level of education. The education in years and relationship between bereaved and deceased predicted the level of psychopathology. The results of study three found that the need to commemorate the deceased in form of ritual arises from the sheer feeling of emptiness and physical insecurity. This disequilibrium demands socialization. Participants used defenses like acting out, introjections and substitution to save the ego. Death rituals perform the functions to help socialize the bereaved. The ritualistic behavior is sustained through group pressures. The group that does not observe death rituals undergoes denial initially. It saves their ego from intense pain of loss; they employ rationalization to maintain the equilibrium of ego and keep busy to relearn the life without deceased. This ensures early recovery of everyday functions to dismiss the need for death rituals.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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