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پروفیسر مسعود حسن

پروفیسر مسعود حسن
(پروفیسر مختارالدین احمد)
علمی و ادبی دنیا میں یہ خبر افسوس کے ساتھ سنی گئی کہ ۲۷؍ مئی ۱۹۹۲؁ء کی شب کو عربی و فارسی کے مشہور استاد اور اردو کے ممتاز ادیب پروفیسر مسعود حسن طویل علالت کے بعد کلکتہ میں وفات پاگئے۔ خدا ان کی مغفرت فرمائے اور انہیں جنت الفردوس میں جگہ دے۔
مسعود حسن ۵؍ نومبر ۱۹۲۰؁ء کو اپنے وطن کھگول (دانا پور) ضلع پٹنہ کے ایک ممتاز اہلحدیث خاندان میں پیدا ہوئے جو وہاں کئی پشتوں سے آباد تھا اور اپنے مذہبی اور علمی خدمات کی وجہ سے مشہور تھا۔ ان کے والد منشی غلام قادر نے انہیں ان کے حقیقی ماموں حکیم مولانا محمد حسن (۱۸۸۰؁ء۔ ۱۹۶۱؁ء) کے سپرد کردیا جن کے سایۂ عاطفت میں ان کی ابتدائی تعلیم و تربیت ہوئی، متوسطات کی تعلیم مدرسۂ فیض عام مؤناتھ بھنجن ضلع اعظم گڑھ میں پاکر وہ ۱۹۳۳؁ء میں مدرسۂ اسلامیہ شمس الہدیٰ میں داخل ہوئے جہاں مدرسہ اکزامنیشن بورڈ سے ۳۳؁ء میں انھوں نے ’’مولوی‘‘ اور ۱۹۳۵؁ء میں ’’عالم‘‘ کے امتحانات میں کامیابی حاصل کی وہاں کے اساتذہ میں مولانا محمد سہول عثمانی، اصغر حسین بہاری، مولانا سید دیانت حسین دربھنگوی، مولانا ظفرالدین قادری (۱۸۸۵؁ء۔ ۱۹۶۲؁ء)، مولانا سید شاہ عبیداﷲ (متونی ۱۵ جمادی الاخریٰ ۱۳۵۸؁ھ، مولانا عبدالشکور آہ ؔؔ مظفر پوری اور مولانا سید عبدالسبحان دسنوی کے نام یاد آتے ہیں۔ مولانا محمد سہول، مولانا اصغر حسین اور مولانا عبدالشکور مدرسۂ دیوبند کے تعلیم یافتہ تھے اور شیخ الہند مولانا محمود حسنؒ کے شاگرد، مولانا دیانت حسین نے مدرسۂ عالیہ رام پور میں تعلیم حاصل کی تھی اور وہ معقولات میں مولانا فضل حق خیر آبادی اور مولانا حکیم برکات احمد بہاری ثم ٹونکی کے اہم تلاندہ میں تھے۔ مولانا ظفر الدین قادری، مولانا احمد حسن کانپوریؒ کے شاگرد تھے وہ مدرسۂ منظر اسلام بریلی کے فارغ التحصیل...

حسین بن منصور حلاج اور ان کی صوفیانہ تعلیمات کا علمی وتحقیقی جائزہ

A Sufi poet, teacher and philosopher, Hallaj was executed on the orders of an Abbasside caliph for uttering these words, taken to mean Hallaj as claiming himself to be God. After more than a decade of imprisonment, Hallaj was eventually executed publically in Baghdad in the year 922. He is seen by many as a revolutionary writer and teacher of his time, when practices of mysticism were not meant to be shared publically. Yet he remains a controversial figure, revered by Rumi, hated by many, he was labeled an intoxicated Sufi and is still read today. After his arrest in Sūs and a lengthy period of confinement (c. 911–922) in Baghdad, al-Ḥallāj was eventually crucified and brutally tortured to death. A large crowd witnessed his execution. He is remembered to have endured gruesome torture calmly and courageously and to have uttered words of forgiveness for his accusers. In a sense, the Islāmic community (ummah) had put itself on trial, for al-Ḥallāj left behind revered writings and supporters who courageously affirmed his teachings and his experience. In subsequent Islāmic history, therefore, the life and thought of al-Ḥallāj has been a subject seldom ignored. Here we get a realistic overview about him and his teachings.

Diversity of Bemisia Tabaci, the Bacterial Endosymbionts It Harbours and the Geminiviruses It Acquires Across Pakistan

The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius; Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a highly invasive insect pest and is considered a cryptic species complex. This study was conducted to investigate the diversity and distribution of whiteflies of the B. tabaci species complex in Pakistan, and also to investigate the diversity endosymbionts and viruses harboured. Using a well-established, PCR-based cloning and sequencing of a mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) marker, six biotypes Asia II 8, Asia II 7, Asia II 5, Asia II 1, Asia 1, and MEAM 1” were identified in Pakistan. Asia II-1 was found to be the most common biotype present and thus may possibly be the most important vector of the begomovirus complex which causes cotton leaf curl disease in Pakistan. The study also highlighted changes in the prevalent biotypes in some regions in the country. Using the 16S general and specific primers, in conjunction with sequencing, six endosymbionts (Arsenophonus, Cardinium, Hamiltonella, Rickettsia, and Wolbachia) were identified. Arsenophonus found to be associated with Asia II-1 while Hamiltonella was associated with the MEAM-1. The presence and prevalence of each symbiont varied in different biotypes and also varied between regions. Endosymbionts are important in virus-vector interactions. A number of distinct begomovirus species were identified with Cotton leaf curl Burewala virus, the most prevalent virus causing CLCuD in Pakistan at this time, the frequently identified. The levels of viral and betasatellite DNA were measured at 2 weekly intervals in B. tabaci collected from cotton using a quantitative PCR assay during the cotton growing seasons of 2014, 2015 and 2016. Although there were differences between the three years, in general, it was found that the level of betasatellite rises during the cotton growing season whereas the level of virus initially rises and then decreases at the end of the season. For both virus and betasatellite the DNA levels are very low initially, when there are no CLCuD symptoms in the crop, indicating that the initial inoculum is low. This comprehensive study provides the basis for the design of vector/virus control strategies which can be tested using the methodologies devised and implemented during the study.
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