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احترامِ آدمیت

احترام آدمیت
اس کائنات ِرنگ و بو میں ہر چیز اپنی شناخت اور پہچان رکھتی ہے، اپنے وجود کے اظہار کے لیے اس کی کوئی نہ کوئی شناخت ہے سورج کی شناخت یہ ہے کہ وہ مشرق سے نکلتا ہے اور مغرب میں غروب ہو جاتا ہے، ستاروں کی شناخت یہ ہے کہ وہ رات کو آسمان پر درخشاں ہوتے ہیں۔ پہاڑوں کی شناخت اور پہچان یہ ہے کہ دور سے دکھائی دیتے ہیں اور بلندو بالا ہوتے ہیں۔ اسی طرح پھول کی پہچان ہے کہ وہ خوشبوفراہم کرتا ہے اور اپنے اردگرد کے ماحول کو معطر اور خوشبودار رکھتا ہے۔ اسی طرح مسلمان کی بھی ایک پہچان ہے وہ یہ کہ اس کے ہاتھ اور زبان سے دیگر مسلمان محفوظ رہتے ہیں۔ وہ کسی کو گزند نہیں پہنچا تا کسی کو تکلیف پہنچانا اس کو ناگوار گزرتا ہے۔ کسی کی پریشانی وہ اپنی پریشانی سمجھتا ہے۔ تو بس اس بات کا قائل ہوتا ہے کہ آدمی اور انسان کا احترام کیا جائے اور اس کے حفظ مراتب کا خیال رکھا جائے۔ قرآنِ پاک میں بھی انسان کے ساتھ حسنِ سلوک اور رواداری کی تلقین آئی ہے۔ ارشادِ باری تعالیٰ ہے:
’’لوگوں کے ساتھ احسن طریقے سے گفتگو کر یں، حسن سلوک سے پیش آئیں ‘‘
اسلام کی جملہ تعلیمات احترامِ آدمیت کی تلقین کرتی ہیں نماز ایک ایسی عبادت ہے جس کو ہم دن میں پانچ مرتبہ ادا کرتے ہیں۔ اور اس میں بھی حکم ہے کہ جب مسجد میں نماز ادا کرنے کے لیے کوئی آئے خواہ وُہ لباس فاخرہ میں ملبوس ہو، خواہ وہ صاف مگر سادہ لباس زیب تن کئے ہوئے ہو۔ خواہ اس کا قد بڑا ہو، د بلا پتلا ہو یا لحیم شہیم ہو وہاں سب برابر ہیں۔ اور ایک ہی صف میں کھڑے ہوں گے امیر وغریب اور سرخ سفید...

مسلم دورِحکمرانی ميں تعليمات نبویﷺ سے اخذ شدہ سراغ رسانی کے رہنما اصول

Intelligence system is considered to be one of the important tools used by military and civil secret agencies to defend and strengthen a nation. Intelligence system is thought to be one of the oldest studies of known history. Intelligence system consists of correct and accurate information, gathered after great struggle and facing difficulties. This department if related to both peace and war. Intelligence is a basis of formulating all military strategies and plans. The importance of intelligence system both in day to day life and as a nation cannot be overemphasized. This article recounts the intelligence systems and management of the resources of secret services of the companions of the Holy Prophet (SAW) and, thereafter, the Muslims rulers. Furthermore, the principles derived from the era of the companions of the Holy Prophet (SAW) regarding intelligence system have also been discussed in this chapter. The guiding principles that are still valid even today includes: (a) Training of Personnel Since espionage helps to strengthen the roots of a state and protect it from its enemies, therefore it requires a team of well trained professionals with latest technology and trends. Islam emphasized on two aspects of early warning, one is professional and the other is ethical.(b) Counter Espionage. An Islamic state must have an effective network of espionage to keep an eye on all the activities of the enemy. This is known as counter espionage. (c) Reconnaissance. This aims at the fore knowledge of the intentions of the enemy so that one can have a better planning in case of an attack. (d) Verification of Information. Information from an agent should be verified from other sources. An operative may feed false information due to lack of experience and competency and that may create an embarrassing situation. (e) Security of Information. Don’t share your secret, try to protect them. If national secrets are compromised they may cause an extensive damage to national interest. (f) Interrogation of POW. Whenever enemy spies or soldiers are arrested in a war they should be interrogated for extraction of information. They may be subjected to mental stress. (g) Fore Warning of the Enemy. This requires the launching of own agents in the enemy ranks for knowledge of their future plan likes attacks. (h)Treatment of Spies. If anyone is found to be guilty of spying for enemy, he may be penalized with death punishment.

Experimental and Numerical Assessment of Confined and Unreinforced Brick Masonry Structures

Brick masonry is widely used for building construction throughout the world. However, unreinforced brick masonry buildings performed poorly in the 2005 Kashmir earthquake, in Pakistan, resulting in a decline in the use of masonry construction. To investigate and quantify the performance of masonry against the seismic forces by confining it through typical stiffer, line elements (column and beams), a full-scaled room model of an area 3048 × 3658mm (10 × 12 ft) and height of 3353mm (11 ft) was constructed using confined brick masonry and tested under quasi-static cyclic loading. Damage details were observed after each loading cycle. The structure’s response was interpreted through a hysteresis curve, after which the envelop curves were drawn and the envelop curve was then converted into bilinear curve for determining different limit states and performance levels. A comparison of the results has been made with four different studies done on the similar model made of unreinforced brick masonry (URM) before and after retrofitting and concrete block masonry (CBM) before and after retrofitting previously tested at the same testing facility. In addition to experimental testing, the numerical analysis, principally elaborated by the finite element (FE) method, is ineludible for brittle materials like masonry. A new modeling methodology was proposed for numerical analysis of full-scale confined brick masonry structures. Two modeling strategies were used within a single structure, where the in-plane walls were modeled using “simplified micro-modeling” approach and out-of-plane walls were modeled using “macro-modeling” approach. The lateral load capacity is associated with the in-plane shear resistance of masonry elements, therefore more detailed analysis is required for in-plane walls to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the damage mechanism and load transfer. The investigation of the in-plane response of confined masonry (CM) structures is significant. Additionally, the proposed hybrid model was validated by comparing the results of experimental studies of confined brick masonry structure. A parametric study was conducted to examine the consequence of brick and mortar properties on the global structural performance metrics (e.g., base shear coefficient, effective stiffness, response modification factor, and the three (03) performance levels (i.e., Collapse Prevention, Life Safety and Immediate Occupancy limits)). It was noticed that these performance metrics, vary considerably by varying the properties of materials. Apart from that, the damage behavior and damage pattern were also assessed for the stronger comprehension of consequence of these parameters on the response of the structure. The hybrid-modeling approach gives enough accuracy in predicting the lateral load behavior as well as the damage mechanism of confined brick masonry structure, subjected to lateral loading. Performance-based seismic assessment has significantly developed in the last 20 years. Even with our best efforts to enhance the quantitative methods and tools to characterize uncertainties, seismic hazard, damages and losses, elemental behavior, nonlinear responses– the fact is that an accurate prophecy of building performance during an earthquake is still very challenging for practitioners and researchers alike. Therefore, substantial havoc to building infrastructure has been noticed in major earthquakes in Pakistan and it is required to have better understanding of their seismic vulnerability. As an element of this study to evaluate seismic risk in Abbottabad city (situated in the North of KPK province of Pakistan), a database was compiled previously in terms of characteristics such as number of stories, age of building and type of construction. This study investigates a significant number of these structures deemed to be a characteristic example of the Pakistan building infrastructure. No such study has been found in the literature so far on the vulnerability study of Pakistan building infrastructure with and without retrofitting, using performance based seismic assessment methodology, and this study will serve as guide for researchers in Pakistan to conduct further research in this area. To measure their potential vulnerability, the instigated damage due to augmented shaking force needs to be determined. This description of the structure vulnerability, in conjunction with the potential hazard, gives well informed, risk-based assessment that can be made by response metrics like collapse prevention and economic effects. Numerical analysis was performed using available database, accumulated through field survey to represent precisely, the actual behavior of the building infrastructure. Two sets of building fragility curves, before retrofitting and after retrofitting, are employed to simulate the seismic performance of the building infrastructure in all the cases. To calculate the losses, an inventory composed of both the structural and non-structural components was composed using field survey database obtained previously. This study is performed in a efficient manner to obviously illustrate the different aspects necessary to execute more advanced seismic risk assessment studies.
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