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73. Al-Muzzammil/The Enwrapped

73. Al-Muzzammil/The Enwrapped

I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah

The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.

73:01
a. O Al-Muzzammil!
b. O The Enwrapped - Muhammad!

73:02
a. Stay up in worshipful meditation through the late nighttime,
b. except for a little while,

73:03
a. - half of it,
b. or a little less than that, up to a third,

73:04
a. or even a little more, up to two-thirds.
b. And recite The Qur’an in a slow and distinct recitation.

73:05
a. Indeed, soon WE are going to entrust a heavy burden on you - awe-inspiring –
b. - The Qur’an.

73:06
a. Surely, the getting up by late nighttime for worshipful meditation is very demanding,
b. yet very rewarding for subduing one’s soul, and
c. making recitation more effective -

73:07
a. - for, indeed, during the daytime you have extended schedule of engagements.

73:08
a. But recite The Sacred Name of your Rabb - The Lord,
b. and devote yourself to HIM exclusively in wholesome devotion.

73:09
a. HE is Rabb - The Lord of the east and the west.
b. There is no worshipful entity except HIM.
c. So take HIM as your Guardian and Guarantor.

688 Surah 73 * Al-Muzzammil

73:10
a. And bear with patience over what they allege against you and your Divine Mission,
b. and keep a distance from them in a gracious manner.

73:11
a. And leave it to ME to deal with the beliers and deniers who have been given the good...

النفوذ السوفيتي في إيران خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية 1939-1945

تهدف الدراسة الى معرفة طبيعة التنافس الدولي حول إيران بحكم موقعها الجغرافي المميز الذي يشكل حلقة وصل بين معسكرين متباينين، الدول الأوربية والولايات المتحدة الامريكية من جهة والاتحاد السوفيتي من جهة ثانية خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية عدت إيران ذات أهمية استثنائية في ظل السياسة الدولية أثناء الحرب العالمية الثانية، لا لموقعها الجغرافي المهم حسب بل انها أصبحت جزءاً لا يتجزأ من تلك السياسة، التي شكلت صراعاً مريراً وتنافساً كبيراً بين دول الحلفاء والمحور خلال تلك الحرب، وبشكل خاص بعد الهجوم الألماني على الاتحاد السوفيتي في 22 حزيران 1941 التي أخذت تطورا خطيرا في أحداث العالم بأسره. وقد اعتمد الباحث في دراسته على المنهج التاريخي الحديث حيث تابع تطور الأحداث العسكرية والعلاقات السياسية والاقتصادية بين الجانبين تاريخياً. ومن أهم النتائج التي أفرزتها الدراسة: عدم الاستقرار في العلاقات السياسية والاقتصادية بين روسيا وإيران بسبب ضغوطات الدول الأجنبية وتدخلها في الشؤون الداخلية لإيران.

Immune Response of Buffaloes Against Brucella Abortus Vaccines

The effective control and eradication of brucellosis in developing countries can be achieved by quick and accurate diagnosis and effective vaccination. Protective efficacy of existing vaccines as well as diagnostic accuracies of various serological tests have not been thoroughly studied and verified in buffaloes, the prime dairy animal of South Asia. In the Present studies Brucella abortus strain 19 (S19) and strain RB51 (SRB51) vaccines were tested for inducing humoral and cell mediated immune responses in riverine buffaloes of various age groups. The protective efficacy of these vaccines against abortions was also evaluated by challenge protection studies. Protein antigen of Brucella abortus vaccinal strains involved in protection was identified by western blot analysis. Moreover an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) for detection of anti-brucella antibodies in buffaloes was developed. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of developed test was compared with commercial ELISA test. Agreement between the two tests for negative sera was 100% and for positive sera it was 78%. In the vaccination study using S19 the peak antibody titres (P<0.05) were observed 30 days post vaccination using I-ELISA and Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT). The mean ELISA titre persisted for 3 to 4 months in the vaccinated buffaloes but waned quickly in calves than adults and heifers. The agglutinating antibodies detected by RBPT declined below the analytical threshold earlier than ELISA. Vaccinated and non vaccinated control animals were challenged subcutaneously with 5× 109 cfu of virulent Brucella abortus during 1st gestation after vaccination. Significantly lower (P<0.1) abortions were observed in vaccinated animals. In SRB51 vaccinates significant increase (P<0.05) in the humoral immune responses were detected in all the three age groups by an I-ELISA using acetone killed SRB51 antigen 30 days post vaccination. However, all SRB51 vaccinates were detected negative by RBPT. The vaccinated and control animals, when challenged with locally isolated virulent biovar 1 between 6-7 months of gestation, revealed non-significant (P>0.1) differences between the probabilities of abortion occurrence. However, the percentage of abortion occurrence in vaccinated animals (44%) was lower than the non-vaccinated buffaloes (78%). Lymphocyte proliferation assays detected moderately high and consistent proliferative responses in all of the S19 vaccinated adults, heifers and calves after 6 weeks of immunization. The lymphocyte proliferative responses of SRB51 vaccinate were low and inconsistent and only 77% of the immunized animals exhibited positive proliferative responses. Western immunoblot analysis using antisera raised against all three B. abortus strains in buffaloes indicated a near similar pattern of immune-reactive OMPs in S19 and field strain. Two OMPs of molecular weight 37-38 and 19 kDa were immuno-reactive in all strains in buffaloes. Two distinct proteins of molecular weights of 190.5 and 151.3 kDa were identified in field strain but not in both of the vaccinal strains of B. abortus.
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