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دکھاں دی پنڈ چائی جاواں

دکھاں دی پنڈ چائی جاواں

دکھی سجن بنائی جاواں
دکھ سمیٹاں جگ دے سارے

سکھاں نال وٹائی جاواں
دکھیاں نوں میں سینے لاکے

سکھاں سیر کرائی جاواں
ہر پاسے ای کیرے کر کے

پھلاں باغ لگائی جاواں
جنہاں روگ اولے لگے

اوہناں روگ ونڈائی جاواں
ونڈاں خوشیاں تے ودھ جاون

ونڈاں دکھ گھٹائی جاواں

قسط وار خرید و فروخت کے حکم کے متعلق فقہاء کرام کی آراء: ایک علمی جائزہ

In Islamic Sharia, the usury is prohibited while the trade has been allowed. This ruling is very clear and transparent in sources of Sharia. From the emergence of Islam many means of financing have been continuing which have got new shapes and names in modern ages. Among these contracts, one is sale in installments. This type of transaction is a part of modern financing in which the object is sold on the condition of payments in installments. The price of the object remains more than the cash payment. This concept has been discussed by the jurists and they have presented their different views about the sale in installments. In Islamic Sharia, the usury is prohibited while the trade has been allowed. This ruling is very clear and transparent in sources of Sharia. From the emergence of Islam many means of financing have been continuing which have got new shapes and names in modern ages. Among these contracts, one is sale in installments. This type of transaction is a part of modern financing in which the object is sold on the condition of payments in installments. The price of the object remains more than the cash payment. This concept has been discussed by the jurists and they have presented their different views about the sale in installments.

Measuring Entertainment and Automatic Generation of Entertaining Games

With the advancement in technology and decrease in prices of electronic items, Personal Computers (PCs) are becoming common. This has resulted in PCs replacing many other electronic gadgets (televisions, play stations, etc.), as people are inclined to use televisions and play stations in their PCs through software. Games are not an exception from this electronic advancement. All this has increased the number of choices in computer games for the users. At the same time the quality of entertainment provided by these games has also decreased due to abundance of games in the market for PCs. On the other hand the task of game development for the developers is becoming tiresome, which requires scripting the game, modeling its contents and other such activities. Still it cannot be known how much the developed game is entertaining for the end users, as entertainment is a subjective term. Another issue from the point of view of game developers is the constant need of writing new games, requiring investment both in terms of time and resources. In order to address afore mentioned challenges (measuring of entertainment and automated generation of games). First task is to devise some metrics that can quantify the entertainment value of a game. Although creating a single quantitative measure for all genres of games is not trivial, but a separate metrics for each can be devised. Based upon the entertainment metrics some computational intelligence techniques can be used to create new and entertaining games. In this work we create a set of metrics for measuring entertainment in computer games. The genres we address are board based games and video games (predator/prey and platform games). The metrics are based theories of entertainment in computer games, taken from literature. Further we use Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) to generate new and entertaining games using the proposed entertainment metrics as the fitness function. The EA starts with a randomly initialized set of population and using genetic operators (guided by the proposed entertainment metrics) we reach a final set of population that is optimized against entertainment. For the purpose of verifying the entertainment value of the evolved games with that of the human we conduct a human user survey and experiment using the controller learning ability.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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