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92. Al-Layl/The Night

92. Al-Layl/The Night

I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah

The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.

92:01
a. By the night when it covers,

92:02
a. and the daylight when it reveals its brightness.

92:03
a. And the One WHO created the male and the female.

92:04
a. Indeed, your endeavors in this life are diverse.

92:05
a. Consequently, as for the one who:
- gives out in the Cause of Allah, and
- fears Allah’s disobedience, and
92:06
a. affirms what is good/the best outcome of the righteous.

92:07
a. WE shall facilitate his way towards the state of ease- the paradise.

92:08
a. But as for the one who:
- is miserly with what is due to Allah, and
- considers oneself above the need of HIS bounties, and

92:09
a. denies and belies what is beautiful/the best,

92:10
a. for him WE shall facilitate the way towards the state of hardship - distress of Hell.

92:11
a. And his amassing of wealth will not benefit him when he perishes.

Surah 92 * Al-Layl 741

92:12
a. Surely, it is upon US to guide,

92:13
a. and, indeed, to US belong the end of this life and the beginning of the next life.

92:14
a. So I warn you all of a Blazing Fire,

92:15
a. which none will experience it except the most wretched of all people:

92:16
a. the one who would persistently deny and belie...

Al-Sukākī’s Classification of Metaphor and Qurānic Discourse

The present study is divided into two main sections; the first section will give a general overview about the figurative language and more focus on metaphor (istiᶜārah in Arabic) because the metaphor is considered as one of the most literary devices and the main category of the figurative language. So in this study has given various definitions of figurative language and metaphor according to Muslims and Non-Muslims linguists and along with this explained Al-sukākī’s classification of metaphor which is little close to Al-Jurjānī’s classification of metaphor and view respectably among Muslims and Non-Muslims linguists. The second section of this study deals with metaphors given in Holy Qur'ān, which are denoted according to Al-sukākī’s classification in this respect. In this reference the verses are presented with detailed tafsīrī literature so the reader could well comprehend the purposes and the classical aspect of metaphors in text and also could evaluate linguistic architecture of  Holy Qur'ān.

Molecular Diagnosis and Prevalence of Brucellosis in N. W. F. P Pakistan

Brucellosis is a disease with major social and financial implications in many countries, particularly in the developing world. In Pakistan, although there are systems for the detection of brucellosis based on serum agglutination testing, more sophisticated methods such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Real-Time PCR, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Fluorescence Polarization Assay (FPA) are not applied routinely. Similarly, the classical and particularly molecular characterization approaches to understand the epidemiological features of Brucella are in infancy. In the present study, serum was used as clinical specimen for serological and molecular diagnosis of brucellosis whereas field culture isolates were used for conventional and molecular characterization purposes. Milk samples were also tested where possible. In total, 277 serum samples of both human and animal origin were collected from 6 districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. These samples were then tested at the Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, United Kingdom for further validation. From 167 animal sera, 4%, 6%, 13%, 21% and 31% animals were positive by RBPT, cELISA, PCR BCSP31, PCR IS711 and Real-Time PCR, respectively. Out of total 110 human sera belonging to various occupational groups, 5%, 9%, 31%, 38%, 53% and 60% were detected positive by RBPT, cELISA, FPA, PCR BCSP31, PCR IS711 and Real-Time PCR, respectively. A total of 51 milk samples were tested which revealed the prevalence of brucellosis as 12% with Indirect ELISA and none of the sample produced positive results by Milk Ring Test (MRT). In human, positive male showed clinical complaints of arthritis and hepatitis while in female abortion in 4-5 month of pregnancy, headache and arthritis were the main clinical signs. Amongst the positive detected animals, abortion in last trimester, retention of placenta and mastitis were the key clinical features. Cultured field isolates when subjected to phenotypic and molecular characterization techniques found to be in resemblance with Brucella melitensis biovar1. These results give an indication of the prevalence of brucellosis in Pakistan and show that the disease is not only confined to livestock but is also present in the human population. In Pakistan, where there are few centres for brucellosis testing and large areas to cover, serum might provide the best specimen for the determination of infection, based on its stability over time.
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