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نتیجہ بحث

نتیجہ بحث

فصل ہذا کے مطالعہ سے یہ امر واضح ہو جاتا ہے کہ قرآن مجید فصاحت و بلا غت کے اعتبار سے بے مثل کتاب ہے۔ علم معانی، علمِ بیان اور علم بلاغت کے ماہرین نے اس کی لسانی و ادبی خصوصیات کو اپنی نگارشات کا موضوع بنایا ہے۔قرآن مجید کے اسالیبِ بیان اپنی اثر پذیری میں بے مثل ہیں۔التفات، تجانس ،تشابہ،تضاد، مغایرت، سجع، نظم اور استفہام اہم اسالیب شمار ہوتے ہیں۔اسلوبِ استفہام ، متعدد حِکم و فوائد کا حامل ہونے کے باوصف، ارسالِ دعوت کا منفرد اسلوب ہے۔ درحقیقیت سوالیہ انداز ، مخاطب کی توجہات کو پوری طرح مبذول کرنے اور حصولِ آمادگی کا اہم ذریعہ ہیں۔ قرآن مجید میں استفہام کسی حقیقیت کے اثبات اور نفی دونوں کیلئے استعمال کیا گیا ہے، اور غورو فکر پر آمادہ کیا گیا ہے۔تاکید واقرار ، ترغیب و عبرت پذیری،، تحقیر و توبیخ اور تعجب و نوازش کے مقاصد کے تحت اس کا استعمال ہوا ہے۔قرآن مجید میں آیات استفہام کا منفرد ادبی اسلوب موجود ہے۔

بلاد اسلاميہ ميں مندروں كى تعمير

There are rulings for both Muslims and non-Muslims in Islām whereby Muslims are bound to act and deal with the nonMuslims according to those teachings. There are numerous books authored in classical and modern times that include all such details of dealing with the different categories and of nonMuslims. It is therefore incumbent on Muslims to follow all such jurisprudential guidelines in all times and places. Although the application and employment methods of these legislations may vary in modern times but Islām has clearly stipulated its objectives and expectations that every Muslim pledges to fulfill in all times. In this paper, in stead of mentioning the jurisprudential details and discussions regarding building temples and religious places on non-Muslims in Muslim lands, only those verses of the Qur’ān and the Aḥādīth are mentioned that are basis for all such jurisprudential discussions. Numerous Qur’ānic verses and Prophetic traditions along with the consensus of companions and scholars are compiled in this paper to clarify the rightful stance in this regard.

The Impact of Social Class on Educational Achievement and Lived Experiences in Two Private A-Level Schools in Karachi

This study attempted to explore the effects of social class on educational achievement in two private Advanced-level (A-level) schools in Karachi. The schools that are generally known as ‘A-level schools’ in Pakistan are the ones that offer Cambridge International Examination (CIE) curriculum for A-level examination. By using semi-structured interviews and observations, the researcher sought to highlight how social class played out in different levels of achievement within the A-level stream, whereby the themes of grades/university admissions, lived experience of social class, advantages and disadvantages of belonging to a particular social class and teacher interaction were investigated using qualitative research methodology. This helped to point out and highlight how crucial social class is in terms of its effects on student achievement and how varied its effect could be. The Pakistani literature focusing on class distinctions and education generally focus on three different streams of schools i.e. madrassa, government and private. This research focuses on English medium stream and particularly the A-level schools, which are supposedly catering the higher social class. The research findings indicate a case of ‘class within class’ whereby relative deprivation exists within this stream. The research findings indicate that relative poverty disadvantages students in a number of ways, such as low availability of resources and to overcome that, students work part-time. This then has effect on their performance and career ambitions. Therefore, the study recommends that in any overhauling of the system of education within the country, care must be taken to address the fundamental class barriers that create fissures in our educational system and educational experience of many of our students. This study can be taken to be a first step to bringing about meaningful educational change in A-level schools in Karachi where barriers to learning for the lower socioeconomic classes are addressed.
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