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چودھری محمدعلی ردولوی

چودھری محمد علی صاحب ردولوی
افسوس ہے کہ ہماری قدیم تہذیب کی یادگاریں ایک ایک کر کے اٹھتی جاتی ہیں اور پرانی محفل اجڑتی جاتی ہے، ان ہی یادگاروں میں ایک چودھری محمد علی صاحب مرحوم ردولوی بھی تھے، وہ امراؤ شرفائے اودھ کی تہذیب کا نمونہ تھے، ان کی شخصیت بڑی دلکش و دلپزیر تھی، بڑے خوش مذاق، زندہ دل، بذلہ سنج حاضر جواب اور علم مجلسی کے بڑے ماہر تھے، ان کی ہر چیز میں خوبی و لطافت اور زبان وقلم دونوں میں بڑے دلکشی تھی، تحریر میں صاحب طرز ادیب اور خوش گفتاری میں ہزار داستان تھے، جس محفل میں بیٹھتے تھے اپنی خوش بیانی سے چھاجاتے تھے، ان کی تحریر میں سادگی کے ساتھ بڑی تازگی اور بے ساختگی تھی، اس طرز میں وہ منفرد تھے، اہل زبان حضرات میں بھی اس طرز میں لکھنے والا کوئی نہ تھا، مگر ان کی تحریر اور گفتگو دونوں میں اودھ کا پرانا بے فکری کا تفریحی مذاق غالب تھا اس لیے تحریر کا دائرہ ادب و افسانے تک محدود تھا، اور اسی میں ان کا طرز تحریر کھلتا بھی تھا سنجیدہ علمی و ادبی مباحث سے ان کو زیادہ دلچسپی نہ تھی، اگر کبھی بھولے سے اس کوچہ میں نکل آتے تھے تو اس میں بھی تفریحی رنگ پیدا ہوجاتا تھا، یہی حال ان کی گفتگو کا تھا، ان کی سنجیدہ گفتگو بھی لطائف و ظرائف سے خالی نہ ہوتی تھی۔
ان کی عمر اسی (۸۰) کے قریب تھی مگر ان کی طبیعت سدا بہار تھی، اسلئے اس زمانہ میں بھی نہ وہ کسی سوسائٹی کے لیے اجنبی ہوئے تھے اور نہ کوئی سوسائٹی ان کے لیے اجنبی تھی، ہر عمر ہر مذاق اور ہر طبقہ کے لوگوں سے ان کے یکساں تعلقات تھے، اور جس مجمع میں بیٹھتے اس میں گھل مل کر...

محمود تيمور كمصلح اجتماعي

Born in 1894 in "Darb Sadah" of Cairo: Mehmood Taimur has attained a distinguished place in the world of literature. Besides writing literature, he has also written many essays/articles. He has highlighted social problems in his social essays and has become a social reformer. He has pinpointed the following social issues in these essays: (1) He has exposed the social ills like class distinction: sexual deprivation destitute and ignorance. (2) He has also acquainted the people about the causes of polygamy and divorce in the light of Shariat and rejects the contention with the solid argument that woman is a weak creature subjected to all kind of wrong treatment. Every person has a right to lead a peaceful life in this world and no one has the right to deprive him of this privilege except owing to some Islamic law. Most of the people were unaware of the rights of woman granted by Islam or they were not accepting them but Mehmood Taimur has presented all those rights in a beautiful way before society that is why on reading his social essays man reaches the conclusion that he was a social reformer.

Epidemiology of Bovine Tuberculosis and its Public Health Significance in Peshawar

A cross-sectional study of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) was carried in Peshawar, Pakistan. A total of 556 cattle and buffalo were screened for bovine tuberculosis. Out of 556 animals screened, 5.75% (3.9-8.0%) were found positive. The prevalence was higher in old animals (P= 0.001) as compared to younger animals. Prevalence also varied with source of animal (either raised on farm or purchased), stay of animals at night (indoor or outdoor) and herd size. Farmer’s knowledge about transmission of TB from animals to human as well as signs and symptoms of TB was extremely low. Only 3.6% farmers correctly stated the combination of three major symptoms of TB. For assessment of presence of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) in milk sold at retail shops, milk samples were obtained from 92 milk shops and analysed for presence of M. bovis. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and KAP about TB was obtained from 800 M. bovis contaminated milk consumers. Mycobacterium bovis was detected in 8.7% (8/92) milk samples. Although 97.4% of the participants had heard of TB but only 39.6% knew that cough lasts for more than 3 weeks was one symptom. Only 79.2% have awareness that TB can be prevented and the most frequently stated (48.4%) method of TB prevention was good nutrition. Participants believed that TB can be cured by prayers/ eating well (41.8%) and also by herbal cures/ consulting Hakeem (35.7%). Mean knowledge score for the participants was 12.1± 2.47 out of maximum 22. Mean knowledge score varied significantly with ethnicity, level of education and residential status (Urban vs rural). Overall knowledge about TB was low. Next part of the study was conducted to determine the occurrence of active pulmonary tuberculosis due to M. bovis in abattoir workers, butchers, livestock farmers and veterinarians and to document the Knowledge and practices of these professional regarding bTB. The cross sectional study included 141 abattoir workers, 317 butchers, 50 livestock farmers, 5 veterinary doctors and vii3 veterinary assistants. Sputum samples were collected from those respondents who had chronic cough that last for more than 2 weeks. Four out of 16 suspected abattoir workers and 1 out of 50 livestock farmers were found positive for M. bovis by Polymerase chain reaction analysis. Duration of work as abattoir worker was found significantly associated (p<0.05) with occurrence of zoonotic TB. The knowledge of abattoir workers, butchers, livestock farmers and veterinary assistants regarding transmission of bTB from animal to human and symptoms of TB in human was very low. Most of these professional did not use protective material/ techniques and are considered at high risk of acquiring zoonotic tuberculosis. The last part of study aimed to determine the proportion of zoonotic TB cases out of overall human TB patients and school children, drug resistance of M. bovis isolates and knowledge, attitude and practices about TB. Total 300 human TB patients and 100 school children were included in the study. Sputum samples were processed by PCR for presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis. Sputum samples from TB patients were cultured and M. bovis isolates were subjected to drug susceptibility testing. Data on knowledge, attitude and practices were obtained from TB patients by administering pre-tested questionnaire. Among TB patietns 4% (12/300) were infected with M. bovis. None of the school children was positive for M. bovis. Residence, occupation, presence of animals at home and sleeping in shed at night was found significantly associated with occurrence of zoonotic TB. Except one all M. bovis isolates were resistant to Pyrazinamide. Among other drugs resistance to streptomycin and isoniazid was high. Low level of knowledge and practices were observed.
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