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نامی کوئی بغیر مشقت نہیں ہوا

نامی کوئی بغیر مشقت نہیں ہوا
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز اسا تذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب شاہینو!
آج مجھے جس موضوع پر اظہار خیال کرنا ہے وہ ہے:’’نامی کوئی بغیر مشقت نہیں ہوا‘‘
صدرِذی وقار!
اس عالم رنگ و بو میں جہاں کہیں بھی انسان موجود ہے اس کے دل میں یہ خواہش بڑی شدومد کے ساتھ انگڑائیاں لے رہی ہے کہ وہ معروف ہو جائے، اس کی عظمت کے ڈنکے بجنے لگیں ، اس کی چار دانگ عالم میں مشہوری ہو جائے ، اس کے سر پر ناموری کا تاج سج جائے۔
جنابِ صدر!
شہرت کا عقاب بلند پروازی کرسکتا ہے ، مجدی و سروری کی آرزو پوری کی جاسکتی ہے، نامی کہنے کا خواب پورا ہوسکتا ہے، عزت و عظمت کی فاختہ اپنے گھر کی منڈیر پر بٹھائی جاسکتی ہے، گلستان و چمنستان میں بڑے پن کے گلہائے رنگا رنگ کھلائے جاسکتے ہیں، اپنے اعزاء واقارب، احباب واصدقاء کے درمیان اپنی بڑائی کا لوہا منوایا جا سکتا ہے ،لیکن
جنابِ صدر!
اس کے لیے تساہل وغفلت کی عبا کو تار تار کرنا ہوگا ، اس کے لیے جہد مسلسل اور پیہم کدوکاوش کرنی ہوگی ، اس کے لیے تیشٔہ فرہاد استعمال کرتے ہوئے جوئے شیر لانا ہوگی، اس کے لئے آرام و آسائش کی قربانی دینی ہوگی ، اس کے لیے زندگی کے حسین لمحات کو خیر باد کہنا ہو گا۔
صدرِذی وقار!
تاریخ کے اوراق کی ورق گردانی سے یہ بات مترشحّ ہوتی ہے کہ جن نابغہ ٔروزگار ہستیوں نے مقام ِرفیعہ پر قدم رکھا اللہ تعالیٰ کے فضل و کرم کے ساتھ ساتھ ان کی محنت بھی شامل تھی ، ان کی شبانہ روز کوششوں اور کاوشوں کا بڑا عمل دخل تھا، ان کی محنتِ...

تصور معذوریت قرآن و سنت کی روشنی میں

The action code of Islam is impartial and strong. All human beings, disabled and abled have the right of gaining justice and bound to giving justice. Because of disableness impartial behavior is against the Islamic justice code. The “good behavior” with disabled persons is the basic law of disableness in Islam. The “good behavior” with disabled persons in Islam is not the result of mercy and pity but is the result of that right of taking equal to the life of common people which is due to the nation and community. Hence the rights of disabled persons are the result of those requirements which are created due to disableness. The meaning which we take conventional is “complete worthlessness” but it means in Islam weak and feeble. That is to say disable person is able to work but he has less ability. Or he has no ability to do one job but has the ability of high rank to do other jobs. The Holy Prophet (Peace be upon him) introduced first time this principle of disableness. The Arabs mean the word “disableness” complete uselessness. But the Holy Quran exempted the persons from Jehad not taking part in Tabuk battle because of disableness giving them the name of feebles. Islam does not appeal for mercy with disabled persons but advised to behave well with them and condemns also the injustice of society with them. Islam orders to perform one’s duties to others. Islam not only stresses on the performance of duties but also gives instructions in this connection.

Genetic Diversity and Molecular Basis of Multidrug Resistance in Acinetobacter Baumannii Clinical Isolates

Acinetobacter baumannii is an increasingly important hospital-acquired Gramnegative bacterium that can thrive in the environment of healthcare facilities, and possess a significant public health concern. These features accompanied by its inherent capacity of resistance to antimicrobial agents, acquisition of diverse resistance mechanisms and the aptitude for epidemic spread greatly contribute to the success of A. baumannii as the most important nosocomial pathogen. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the multidrug-resistant phenotypes and the molecular epidemiology of this ignored pathogen of high clinical importance from Pakistan. A total of 319 A. baumannii isolates obtained from various clinical specimens were identified by routine microbiological procedures and further confirmed by multiplex PCR for the amplification of recA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region along with the amplification of blaOXA-51-like gene. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined through disc diffusion method and MIC was measured using agar dilution, broth microdilution and E-test® methods. The presence of genes encoding resistance to beta-lactams, 16S rRNA methylases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines and sulfonamides were evaluated by PCR followed by sequencing. Repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (REP-PCR) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed to investigate the genetic diversity. According to the results, the 96.6% isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and 84.3% were extreme drug-resistant (XDR); 298 (93.4%) were resistant to carbapenems. The blaOXA-51was identified in all A. baumannii strains confirmed by multiplex PCR whereas the acquired blaOXA-23 gene was identified in 284 (89%) isolates. Higher rates of resistance were observed to the extended-spectrum cephalosporins including ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and cefepime with MIC50 ≥ 128 μg/ml. The blaOXA-23 gene with an upstream ISAba1 was the foremost mechanism of carbapenem resistance that was found in 279 (87.5%) isolates and the blaNDM was found in only 7 strains belonging to a single MLST type. The genes encoding plasmid-mediated quinolone resistant were not detected in any isolate and the mutations in the gyrA and parC genes were the main underlying mechanism responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance. The 209 (65.5%) isolates were resistant to tetracyclines and 94.3% of these isolates were found positive for tetB gene. Among the sulfonamide resistance determinants, sul2 (85.2%) was the most common gene followed by sul1 (32.8%) whereas the combination of sul1 and sul2 genes was detected in 24.6% isolates. All the XIX isolates were found susceptible to polymyxins (polymyxin B and colistin) with MIC50 as 0.5 μg/ml as well as tigecycline with MIC50 (1 μg/ml). On the basis of REP-PCR the indigenous isolates were separated into 8 distant clones whereas MLST demonstrated the presence of seven already reported STs (ST642, ST589, ST2, ST600, ST338, ST103, and ST615) from different parts of world and eight new sequence type that were single or double locus variants to each other. The predominant STs i.e. ST642 and ST589 belonged to clonal complex I according to the Pasteur scheme and were found to harbor blaOXA-23 gene. The overall multidrug resistance was almost common among the isolates of already established STs whereas the isolates belonging to ST338 and the new STs were mainly susceptible. This dichotomy specifies the major selective advantage exerted by the antimicrobial resistance that drives the enduring clonal expansion of multidrug-resistant pathogens. The study revealed the alarming trends of multidrug resistance and substantial genetic diversity among A. baumannii clinical isolates from Pakistan. The differences in the distribution of various antimicrobial resistance mechanisms among various clones demonstrate the capacity of A. baumannii to acquire and express a wider range of resistance determinants. The deeper understanding of the genetic and biochemical basis of antibiotic resistance is of principal importance to design the policies for the effective control of emergence, spread, and development of innovative approaches for the therapeutic management of these multidrug-resistant pathogens.
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