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کتابیات

کتابیات
بنیادی ماخذات
٭ شاہد رضوان ،ادھوری کہانی کی تصویر،دانیال پبلشرز، چیچہ وطنی،2020ء
٭ شاہد رضوان ،آوازیں،سانجھ پبلشرز ،لاہور، ،2015ء
٭ شاہد رضوان،پتھر کی عورت ،دانالل پبلشرز،چچہا وطنی،جنوری2010ء
٭ شاہد رضوان،پہلا آدمی،دانا،ل پبلشرز،چچہ، وطنی،2013ء
٭ مہر غلام فرید کاٹھاد، لمحوں کی قدل،محکمہ ادبی مرکز،شادمان ٹاؤن،ساہویال2008ء
٭ مہر غلام فرید کاٹھا،،سرسوں کے پھول،ناصر بک سنز ،لاہور،2019ء
٭ مہر غلام فرید کاٹھا،،سفدو تتلونں کا ہار،ساہومال2021ء
ثانوی ماخذات
٭ 1958Robison Quinn Afred a knops, New York, Third Edition,
٭ Steinberg S.H.,(Ed) Encyclopedia of Literature, vol.1.1953
٭ابو الخیر کشفی، سید، ادب اور قومی شعور، مشمولہ ، پاکستانی ادب ، جلد اول ، مرتبین ، رشید امجد ، فاروق علی، ایف جی سر سید کا لج، روالپنڈی، مئی 1981ء
٭اسلم جمشید پوری ، ڈاکٹر،اردو افسانہ تعبیر و تنقید ، نئی دہلی ، ماڈرن پبلشرز ہاؤس ، 2006ء
٭پروین اظہر، ڈاکٹر، اردو میں مختصر افسانہ نگاری کی تنقید، علی گڑھ ، ایجوکیشنل بک ہا ؤس۔
٭رشید امجد ، ڈاکٹر، پاکستانی ادب (مرتبہ)،اسلام آباد، اکادمی ادبیات پاکستان ، 2009 ء
٭زینب النسا،نئے افسانے کے موضوعات مشمولہ:روحِ ادب،جلد 14،شمارہ51۔
٭سبینہ اویس ، ڈاکٹر ، افسانہ شناسی ، فیصل آباد ، مثال پبلشرز ، 2015ء
٭شہزاد منظر، جدید اردو افسانہ (تنقید ) ، کراچی ، منظر پبلشرز ، 1982ء
٭صغیرا افراہیم ، پروفیسر، اردو افسانہ ترقی پسند تحریک سے قبل ،علی گڑھ ، ایجوکیشنل بک ہا ؤس ،طبع دوم ، 2009ء
٭طاہر طیب ، ڈاکٹر ، لاہور میں اردو افسانے کی روایت، فیصل آباد ، مثال پبلشرز، 2015ء
٭عارف ثاقب ، ڈاکٹر ، بیسویں صدی کا ادبی طرز احساس ، لاہور ، کتاب نما ، 1999ء
٭عائشہ سلطانہ ، ڈاکٹر، مختصر اردو افسانے کا سماجیاتی مطالعہ (1947ء سے تا حال) ، دہلی ، ایجوکیشنل پبلشرز ہاؤس
٭فوزیہ اسلم ، ڈاکٹر، اردو افسانے میں اسلوب اور تکنیک کے تجربات، اسلام آباد، نیشنل یونیورسٹی...

External and Internal Factors of Political-Religious Violence and Pakistan’s Role: Unravel Threats for the Security of Modern Islamic State

Political scientists and Islamic philosophers have long been discussing the different phenomena of violence. This article analyzes external and internal factor of violence in Pakistan, interpreting the religious and political dimension of the violence. The presence of external and more specifically internal factors are the real threats for the security of the country. Building from theoretical approaches, I fielded two dimensions of the political-religious violence, violence inside the country and outside the country. It is found out, on the one hand, that the both dimensions can be met with the profound enforcement of the law. On the other hand, both dimensions of the violence can be the big contributory factors of violence due to the poor promulgation of the law. Unjust political-religious dispensation inside the country rise the frustration, and outside support make it fertile and leads it towards violence. It is proposed that on equity bases, political-religious deprivation and absolute deprivation of the minority elite class can be disposed of. I also come up with balanced educational system, which should be the blend of traditionalism and modernism for the fulfilment of our spiritual dimension and for the greater understanding of our political-religious outlook.

Ontology for Inter-Research Paper Similarity Measures Cores and its Applications

A large number of research papers are being published and indexed regularly by systems such as search engines, citation indexers, and digital libraries, enabling re searchers to explore through these papers. Most of the users feel frustrated due to the large number of results for similar research papers with many of these results are not similar at all. A careful analysis of these systems to find similar research papers reveals a major problem that research paper based similarity measuring techniques have not been conceptually modelled to find the similarity measures with a reasonable accuracy. In order to solve this problem an ontology to model the domain of research papers similarity measures is required. While surveying content based similarity measuring techniques, it was found that these techniques were not integrated with each other, to formulate a hybrid technique without overlappings and redundancies in methods and features. We have surveyed differ ent ontologies relevant to research paper similarity measures domain, finding that none of these were modeling this domain. In this thesis, content based similarity measuring techniques were modelled in the form of ontology named as COReS (Content based Ontology for Research paper Similarity) which has been evaluated using automated evaluation tools and user study based evaluation techniques. An important application of COReS is finding research paper similarity measures in a comprehensively by using knowledge about relationships between different sim ilarity measuring techniques demonstrated using four use cases. An experiment was also performed on a gold standard data set of research papers to compute comprehensive similarity measures using COReS. The results of Fractional Re gression Coefficient (Percentage Difference) between user study based similarity measure (as a benchmark) and comprehensive similarity measure were computed. It was found that comprehensive similarity measure was more correlated to user study based similarity measure with a value of 47% for Fractional Regression Co efficient as compared to vector space based and InText citation based similarity measuring techniques and their combinations. COReS models only the content based similarity measuring techniques, the model can be extended for other simi larity measuring techniques for example Collaborative Filtering, Item Centric etc. COReS can also be aligned with other relevant ontologies (SPAR) to enhance its adaptation by community.
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