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الفت ہے اُس کو مجھ سے بھی پر مسئلہ یہ ہے

الفت ہے اُس کو مجھ سے بھی پر مسئلہ یہ ہے
پڑتی ہے اپنی راہ میں دیوار ذات کی

Human Papilloma Virus Related Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma-an updated review

Human papilloma virus (HPV) related head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) has varying etiology, genetic as well as environmental factors involved and differential clinicicopathological features. HNSCC came in the limelight recently due to increased incidence rate and insufficient diagnostic methods. This review will comprehensively focus on the characteristics of HPV associated HNSCC.  It will provide an updated review of our understanding of HPV role in Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) known to date. Curruntly, three vaccines are available (Gardasil, Gardasil 9 and Cervarix). These vaccines prevent infections with HPV types 16 and 18 HPV-16 is most common type associated with HNSCC. HPV related HNSCC has better prognosis, does not mutate  but inactivatestumor suppressor genes and therefore has comparatively better treatment options. However, there is still a need to improve our methods of sampling, HPV molecular assay and type of specimen to be used.

وقار بن الہی کی افسانہ نگاری

The researcher has divided this thesis in five chapters as detailed below: The first chapter is about the mental and intellectual background of Waqar bin Ilahi. Although the thesis is about his literary works but it is necessary to know main events of his life to understand his approach. Details of his literary activities and his works are also included in this chapter. The second chapter is about the literary history of Urdu Short Story which helps to understand the main features of its tradition from start to modern age. Themes of waqar's short stories are discussed in the third chapter. Social issues, problems and environment of our offices, political issues, isolation of individual in modern society, psychological problems of the individual etc. are the main themes of waqar's short stories which have been discussed in this chapter. In the fourth chapter major elements of the art of short story writing with reference to waqar's works have been analysed. Fifth and the last chapter concludes the thesis and highlights the special features of waqar bin Ilahi's short stories.
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