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بھٹو کی پھانسی پر عوام کے نام

 

فیض احمد فیض کا شہید ذوالفقار علی بھٹو کی پھانسی پر عوام کے نام

کبھی تو سوچنا یہ تم نے کیا کیا لوگو

یہ کس کو تم نے سرِ دار کھو دیا لوگو

ہوائے بغض و خباثت چلی تو اپنے ساتھ

اڑا کے لے گئی انصاف کی قبا اپنے ساتھ

دیا تھا صبح ِ مسرت نے اک چراغ ہمیں

اسی کو تم نے سرِ شا کھو دیا لوگو

سلا دیا جسے زنداں میں تم نے موت کی نیند

جگائے گی اسے حالات کی صدا لوگو

 

Admissibility of a Video As Evidence in a Court: its Presentation and Probative Value

To general public, all videos are perceived to be true, but they may not have probative value in the Court of law. The undertaken article analyzes the admissibility and probative value of a video presented as evidence before a court in the Criminal Justice System of Pakistan (CJSP). It analyzes the relevant law and diagnoses the problems with the video evidence through the lens of the judgments of Superior Courts. The court of law objectively ascertains that a video presented as evidentiary means bears significant relevance to the fact in question. It must be admissible under the law, and it must be proved to be genuine. To fill up the gap between a “Video” and a “Video Evidence”, there is a process, which is known as video authentication. It determines that the video contents are genuine, authentic, credible, unaltered, untampered and unfabricated. The study discusses various modes of video authentication. Precedents set by superior courts of Pakistan show that convictions have been made once the courts are satisfied with the credibility of video evidence. In the court of law, video evidence is normally presented after the completion of prosecution evidence. The video is played in court and is watched by the presence. But the researcher establishes that such process does not have legal justification. The article suggests that it would be legal and proper for the prosecution to produce the video evidence through the witness, during his evidence, who is either victim, witness, recorded and/or copied the video directly from original source such as C.C.T.V system and that witness would be subjected to cross examination.

Resource Aware Process Migration in Wireless Sensor Networks

This thesis presents a novel architecture for native process migration (PM) in wireless sensors networks (WSN) without the use of virtual execution environment. Resources in WSN are scarce, therefore creating a virtual execution environment for processes so that they can be migrated, put an extra burden on already constrained resources. The proposed architecture for process migration allows live native processes to be migrated during execution. The process migration architecture takes migration decisions by continuously monitoring resources including remaining battery life and free memory space on a node. The architecture is suitable for networks with fewer expensive sensor nodes as it allows for better utilization of network resources. Transferring a live executing process helps in meeting processing demands dynamically, improves fault tolerance and resource utilization, and allows easier network management in WSN. The proposed architecture supports resourcing monitoring, request broadcasting and response collection, target node selection, process code and state transfer, and restoration of native process at the target node. Implementation of proposed architecture has been successfully tested on COOJA simulator and a test-bed of TelosB motes. The final implementation has been compared to agent based systems and virtual machine architectures. It shows a remarkable improvement in runtime energy efficiency and executable code size.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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