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قاضی عبدالودود

قاضی عبدالودود
(عبدالرحمن پرواز اصلاحی)
پروفیسر کلیم الدین احمد کے انتقال کے بعد اردو دنیا کو دوسرا بڑا صدمہ مشہور محقق قاضی عبدالودود کی وفات سے پہنچا، قاضی صاحب نے ۲۵؍ جنوری ۱۹۸۴؁ء کو پٹنہ میڈیکل کالج میں ۸۸ برس کی عمر میں رحلت فرمائی۔ وہ بھی ایک علمی و دینی خاندان کے چشم و چراغ تھے، میر زاہد پر حاشیہ لکھنے والے ملا غلام یحییٰ بہاری آپ کے اجداد میں تھے، ملا غلام یحییٰ کے بیٹے قاضی کمال الحق شعروسخن کا ذوق رکھتے تھے اور ناصرعلی کے پیرو تھے۔ ان کے پوتے قاضی اکرام الحق حضرت سید احمد شہیدؒ کے مریدوں میں تھے، ان کے بھائی واعظ الحق ان علماء میں سے تھے، جو شورش کے زمانہ میں نظربند کئے گئے، قاضی اسمٰعیل قاضی اکرام الحق کے بیٹے اور موزوں طبع شخص تھے جو اردو اور فارسی دونوں میں شاعری کرتے تھے، ان کے بیٹے قاضی عبدالحمید قاضی عبدالودود کے دادا تھے اور والد قاضی عبدالوحید عالم دین تھے، مگر ان میں تبدیلی آئی اور عقائد میں بریلوی ہوگئے، اس لئے انھوں نے اپنے عقائد و خیالات کی تبلیغ کے لئے ایک ماہانہ رسالہ ’’تحفہ‘‘ نکالا تھا، وہ شاعر بھی تھے اور وحید الہ آبادی کی صحبت پائی تھی، ان کا اردو کلام گلدستوں میں ملتا ہے، ان کی وفات ۱۳۲۶؁ھ میں ہوئی۔
قاضی عبدالودود ۱۸۹۶؁ء میں پٹنہ کے اندر پیدا ہوئے، ابتدائی تعلیم پرانے طریقہ پر پائی۔ انگریزی شروع کرنے سے پہلے قرآن مجید حفظ کیا، پھر عربی صرف و نحو اور منطق میں متوسطات تک کی کتابیں پڑھیں، اس کے بعد وہ پٹنہ کے محمڈن اسکول میں داخل ہوئے، اس اسکول میں سال ڈیڑھ سال رہنے کے بعد میجر سید حسن بلگرامی ٹیوٹوریل کالج علی گڑھ گئے، وہاں ان میں کتب بینی کا شوق بڑھا۔ بے شمار کتابوں اور رسالوں کو پڑھا۔ پھر پٹنہ...

مظاهر الرحمة في شخصية الرسول

Those who abused the Prophet r, and accused him of violence, slander and falsely, had never listened to the call of the mind. They should never ignore the one of the most important verses of the holy book revealed from the Creator, Allah Almighty, that Prophet Muhammad r has been sent to the mankind purely for offering mercy. How can they neglect the fact that the Prophet r himself said if he was a leader without mercy, people around him did not accompany him. When we study the life of Prophet r, we observe that all factions of the society, whether they are slaves or independent, Muslims or non- Muslims, men or women, beloved friends or worst enemies; they were behaved not only with extreme justice, but with utmost mercy. So we find that it was a mercy in everything, in education, in advocacy and in legislation, in war and peace, in the family and society, and in all walks of life, etc. In this article, aspect of mercy in the personality of holy Prophet Muhammad r has been discussed in detail. Opinions of the Orientalists are also presented in the article. Aspect of mercy was not only an ingredient of the personality of Prophet r, but He r also made mercy a part of his followers’ personalities. So history witnesses that there was an elongated reign of peace in the world, whenever Muslim Rulers were in power.

Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Polymer Based Membranes by Using Modified Zeolite Particles

Membrane technology has been extensively explored as fascinating separation technique due to its energy efficient nature. This work concerns with the synthesis of five series of polymer membranes namely Polysulfone/Polyimide/Modified Zeolite mixed matrix membrane (MMM), Polysulfone/Polyimide/Silica nanocomposite membranes (NCM), Polysulfone/Polyimide-Silica- Modified Zeolite NCM, PIM-1/Modified Zeolite MMM and PIM-1/Modified zeolite thin-film composite membranes by solution casting method. Modified zeolite (MZ) filler was added to polymer matrix for tight packing of polymer layers. By adding silica (SiO2) and MZ filler to polymer matrix, the membranes exhibit properties of both organic and inorganic membranes. Polyimide and Polymer of intrinsic microporosity-1 (PIM-1) were synthesized by condensation reactions. Morphology and structure of fabricated samples were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Mechanical and thermal properties of nanocomposite membranes were also investigated. Polysulfone based membranes were investigated for antibacterial properties while PIM-1/Modified Zeolite MMMs were investigated for CO2/N2 separation. Thermal and mechanical properties of fabricated membranes were enhanced by filler addition due to fine compatibility and strong interaction of polymer and filler. Diffrential scanning calorimetry analysis (DSC) indicated increase in glass transition temperature (Tg) with increasing filler concentration. Better DSC specifications were evaluated for 10 wt% MZ content. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) complimented DSC results. Combining effects of Polysulfone (PSf), Polyimide (PI), SiO2 and MZ enhanced the antibacterial properties however, better antibacterial results were observed for 10 wt% nanocomposite in all cases. Integration of MZ filler in PIM-1 improved the CO2 permeability.Moreover, considerable increase in CO2 permeability was evaluated for alcohol treated PIM-1/MZ MMM as alcohol wash opens up the free volume.Effect of membrane’s thickness on gaseous flux was evaluated by fabrication of thin-film composite membrane (TFC) which improved the aging properties for TFC membranes as significant arrest was observed in permeability loss for TFC membranes. In all cases, CO2 permeability was observed to increase with increasing MZ concentration.Thus, we speculate that the permeation properties are adequately enhanced due to strong interaction and fine compatibility of MZ filler in PIM-1 matrix.
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