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7۔منٹو کے افسانوں میں خاندان کی مذہبی اور ثقافتی حیثیت

منٹو کے افسانوں میں خاندان کی مذہبی اور ثقافتی حیثیت

وجیہہ ضمیر

منٹو کے ذہن میں بجلی کی سی تیزی توانائیاں تب و تاب تھی ان کا علم حاضر جواب بھی مسلمہ جس طرح تحریر کو ہمیشہ سربلند رہے تھے نو بازی میں بھی وہ ہمیشہ سرخرو ہو کر نکلتے تھے ان کے ذہن کی تیزی وجڈت اور شدت نے ہمیشہ ان کا ساتھ دیا ۔ منٹو بھری محفل میں بلا کسی جھجھک کے بات کہنے کی ہمت رکھتے ہیں انہیں اپنے ادبی قدوقامت کا بی احساس تھا اس لیے بڑوں بڑوں کی بزم میں بھی ان کا انداز بے باک اور بے تکلفانہ اور بے حجابانہ رہتا تھا اور ان کی شوخی طبعی کے آگے سب بے بس ہو جاتے تھے ۔ منٹو نے مذہب پر کبھی سنجیدگی سے غور نہیں کیا تھا اور یہی مذہبی قواعد کی پابندی تو کبھی سوچ لیا تھا لیکن اسلام کے ساتھ والہانہ عشق تھا انہوں نے ہمیشہ مذہب کے نام پر کئے گئے مظالم کے خلاف بغاوت کا علم بلند کیا وہ ایک انسان دوست تھے وہ حقائق سب سے بڑے ترجمان  تھے تقسیم ملک کے جو حالات رونما ہوئے تھے اس سے نقدی شکل ہو چکا تھا وہ اپنے آپ کو یہ قدیم ہندوستان کا وارث سمجھتے تھے کسی بھی معاشرے میں رہنے والے لوگوں کا آپس میں تعلق بہت ضروری ہے جنم لیتا ہے درحقیقت انہی تعلقات کی تشکیل سے معاشرہ جنم لیتا ہے تاہم تعلق کی بھی خام ہوتی ہیں اور سب سے اہم رشتہ خونی رشتہ ہوتا ہے

منٹو نے اپنے افسانوں میں اس کے بارے میں بہت ذکر کیا ہے ویسے غور سے جائزہ لیا جائے تو اس کے افسانوں میں خاندانی رشتوں کا بیان موجود ہے منٹو کے افسانوی مجموعہ"خالی بوتلیں خالی ڈبے" میں...

Analysis of Factors Affecting Nursing Services with Inpatient Satisfaction at Harapan / Pematangsiantar Hospital

Improving quality of nursing services became a major issue in health development both in national and global, because of growing demands on health services organization to give satisfaction with nursing services maximally by providing the best service to facilitate the ease of fulfilling the needs and realize the satisfaction. This study was a quantitative research design survey analytic used cross-sectional approach. It was conducted at Harapan Hospital Pematangsiantar. The population were 280 respondents  and  a sample obtained by 74 respondents. Data analysis of univariate, bivariate using chi - square and multivariate using logistic regression at 95% confidence level (α =.05). The result showed that more respondents who gave a rating of good in the aspect of reliability, followed by the aspect of responsiveness, tangible, assurance, and empathy the influence aspects in this study were reliability        (p=.002), assurance (p=.014), tangible (p=.011), empathy (p=.030), responsiveness (p=.024). The most influential aspects of this study was  the reliability with  Exp(B)/OR=20.667 that aspect of reliability that respondents perceived to have the opportunity 20.667 times to produce patient satisfaction. It is concluded that there was an influence of reliability, assurance, tangible, empathy, responsiveness to patient satisfaction in Harapan Hospital. It is recommended to hospital to further improve the quality of nursing service, to improve the welfare of nurse through provision of appropriate  incentives hope the nurse, provide training, and installing  CCTV in every  room and monitoring of the level of patient satisfaction on a regular basis  through a survey so that can improve the quality of  hospital services as a whole.

Impact of Management and Instructional Practices on University Students’ Satisfaction

Present study was designed to explore the impact of management and instructional practices on university students’ satisfaction. Major objectives of the study were to check existing management and instructional practices in the context of private and public sectors universities, to weigh students’ satisfaction towards existing management and instructional practices, to measure the relationship between management and instructional practices, to measure the impact of teachers and managers’ demographic variations of age, discipline, gender, grade, experience, socioeconomic status and marital status in determining specific management and instructional practices and to propose a model of effective management and instructional practices for universities. In this study a stratified random sample of 800 respondents was collected from 3 distinct groups of population such as administrators, teachers and students from 16 leading private and public sector universities located at Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Lahore and Mansehra. Finding revealed that most of the universities are trying to impart quality education up to the satisfaction level of their students but due to lack of resources they are unable to provide education of national standards (HEC, HEIs). When compared with the private sector students of public sector universities are more satisfied. Difference does exists between management and instructional practices because task of the management is to plan, organize, execute, lead and control the whole organizational processes whereas task of teachers is to plan, organize, execute their lectures. Management and faculty demographic variations affect their management and instructional practices whereas, students’ demographic variations also played important role in determining students’ satisfaction. Study proposed a model for the overall improvement of university physical and learning environment which will be helpful to promote students’ satisfaction. If the university management and faculty follow these practices which are proposed in this model then students’ satisfaction can be ensured and this may also lead universities to achieve higher ranking.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
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