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منشور

منشور

                                                                                                                اسلم گورداس پوری

ملوں کے مالکو، محلوں کے وارثو سن لو

زمین پاک کے خونی سوداگرو سن لو

وزیرو، شاہو، رئیسو، ستمگرو سن لو

سیاسی لیڈرو ملت کے تاجرو سن لو

تمہارے عہدِ سیاست کے زخم خوردہ عوام

تمہاری سطوت و ہیبت کا سر اتاریں گے

تمہارا نشۂ دولت اڑا کے دم لیں گے

تمہاری قوم کی تقدیر کو سنواریں گے

 

تمہارے محل بھی غربت سے آشنا ہوں گے

تمہارے پائوں بھی کھیتوں میں چلنا سیکھیں گے

تمہارے ہاتھ بھی محنت کے بیج بوئیں گے

تمام لوگ برابر حقوق رکھیں گے

 

وہ کوہ نور ہو بیکو ہو یا گندہارا ہو

یہ دس کروڑ کا حصہ ہے ایک دو کا نہیں

ٹرانسپورٹ ہو ریلیں ہوں یا ہوائی جہاز

یہ ساری قوم کا حصہ ہے چار سو کا نہیں

 

یہ سینما ہال یہ بنگلے یہ خوشنما ہوٹل

بتائو کن کی بدولت یہ جگمگاتے ہیں

 

تم ان کے خون کو ارزاں خیال کرتے ہو

کہ جن کے خوں سے تمہاری حیات روشن ہے

کہ جن کے ہاتھ سے دن بھر مشینیں چلتی ہیں

کہ جن کے ہاتھ سے سیاہ فارم رات روشن ہے

زمیندارو وڈیرو تمہاری جاگیریں

غریب و محنتی دہقاں کو بانٹی جائیں گی

بلند و پست کے جھگڑے کو ختم کر...

خلافت اور جمہوریت نتائج و عواقب عصر حاضر کے تناظر میں

Islām is a complete code of life. Man is the vicegerent and representative of Allāh. The role of vicegerent and caliphate can only be fulfilled in a complete manner, when the system of the Islamic Caliphate is established. It is the duty of Muslims to endeavor for establishing such a system in the world. The caliphate is the political title of Islām. It is, actually, the sovereignty of Almighty God on the earth. God creates its sovereignty by selecting the pious people from the humankind. With the help of Caliphate, unity, strength and equality can be established in the Muslim world. Democracy is the system of government, which is based on the wishes of the majority of the people of a state. However, the real democracy is the one in which wishes of people are directly or indirectly catered. An ideal democracy is the one in which all affairs of the country are run with the consultation of all the people. If the affairs of any state are run by the majority of the people, then that state will move towards its destruction. Allāh says, “O Muhammad.. ! If you obey most of the dwellers of the earth they will lead you astray from Allah’s way. ” The affairs of the Islamic state must not run by the wishes of the majority nor the minority of the people, but, on the values of truth and justice. The author of this paper presents a critical and comparative study of the Islamic Caliphate and democracy, and concludes that it is the Caliphate and not democracy, which is the true Islamic system of government.

Exploring the Relationship Between Mathematics Anxiety and Mathematics Achievement of Grade 10 Students Across Gender in Single Gendered Government Secondary Schools in District Khairpur Mirs’, Sindh

This study aimed to explore the relationship between mathematics anxiety and mathematics achievement of Grade 10 students across gender in 6 government girls' secondary schools and 6 government boys' secondary schools in District Khairpur Mirs', Sindh. This study focused on three main themes: (1) gender differences in mathematics anxiety; (2) gender differences in mathematics achievement; (3) relationship of mathematics anxiety with mathematics achievement across gender. Data were collected in two phases. In the first phase, data were collected through an adapted (Cavanagh & Sparrow, 2011), piloted and modified Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale (MARS). MARS used a five-point Likert scale. The total sample size for the first phase was 309 students, that comprised males (n= 173) and females (n= 136). MARS indicated that students of both the genders exhibited almost equal overall mathematics anxiety with a slight difference which was not significant. Moreover, males showed a significantly high level of attitudinal anxiety as compared to females, whereas, female students showed a significantly high level of cognitive anxiety as compared to males. Data for mathematics achievement was collected through a Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT), which was developed from past four-year annual examination papers for science group of Board of the Intermediate and Secondary Education, Sukkur. There were 25 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) and 10 Constructed Response Questions (CRQs). MAT was conducted with a sample of 264 Grade 10 students in the same schools where MARS was conducted. MAT showed that male students performed significantly better than females in CRQs and MCQs. Male students have also significantly outperformed females in overall mathematics achievement. This study did not indicate that low mathematics achievement is because of mathematics anxiety. However, female students have high level of mathematics cognitive anxiety, which might have negatively influenced their mathematics achievement. Overall mathematics achievement of the whole sample (M = 12.92) is a point of concern. This study makes an important contribution to the existing research literature from Pakistan especially related to the rural context.
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