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خواجہ محمد عبدالرحمٰن

کلام حضرت خواجہ عبدالرحمن
’’ درج ذیل اشعار آنحضور قبلہ خواجہ صاحب ؒنے خود تحریر فرمائے ہیں۔ ایک دفعہ رات کے وقت اچانک آنحضورؒ کی طبیعت ناساز ہوگئی تو اس وقت بے قراری کی حالت میں آنحضور قبلہ خواجہ صاحب ؒ نے اپنے محبوب کو ان الفاظ میں یاد فرمایا ( اللہ والوں کے علاج بھی عجیب ہوتے ہیں)تو اسی وقت محبوب پاکؒ کی حاضری ہوئی اور شفاء ہوگئی۔‘‘

Role of Religious Interventions in the Reintegration of Prisoners: A Case Study of Selected Jails of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Prisoners’ reintegration is the core concept of almost all penal systems in the world. One of the potent tools to ensure prisoners’ reintegration is effective network of religious services within prisons. This paper aims at exploring the role of religious interventions in the reintegration of prisoners with specific focus on Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (KP) jails.  Six high profile jails---Central Jail Peshawar, Haripur, Bannu, and District Jail Timergara, Mardan and Kohat of KP were purposively selected. Mixed methodology, more specifically concurrent triangulation technique, was used to collect and analyze the data. Of all 261 respondents, 250 comprised of jail inmates (under-trial and convicted adults and juveniles male prisoners) were randomly selected within the six jails of the province and interviewed through semi-structured questionnaire. The remaining 11 respondents, purposively selected and interviewed through interview-guide included jail officials of all the selected prisons (6 in numbers) and ex-prisoners (5 in numbers). It was found that a clear majority of the respondents considered religious interventions instrumental in accomplishing the goal of prisoners’ reintegration i.e, making them law abiding, productive, contributing and pro-social citizens. Many of the apparently incorrigible and potentially dangerous prisoners altered the course of their lives once they went through religious programs inside prisons. It was also discovered that in KP prisons, there was no effective network of chaplaincy services, and often these services were provided by self-motivated religious prisoners and rarely by the prison management with the collaboration of NGOs.  Yet, the existing religious interventions had an extraordinary impact in terms of reforming the inmates. Hence, it is recommended that any prisons’ reform strategy must incorporate a well-designed framework of religious programs to transform criminals into an asset for society.

Psychological Empowerment and Job Outcomes - Underlying Mechanism and Individual Differences

The purpose of the study was to examine the direct effects of psychological empowerment on psychological capital, employees’ job attitudes and behaviors and the direct effects of psychological capital and employees’ job attitudes and behaviors. This study further examined the mediating role of psychological capital between psychological empowerment and employees’ job attitudes and behaviors. In addition, the study also examined the moderating role of Core-self-evaluation on the relationship between psychological empowerment and psychological capital, whereas psychological contract types (relational and transactional contract) were moderators between psychological capital and employees’ attitudes and behaviors. Longitudinal research design was used in the current study and data were collected from employees working in different telecom sector organization. The data on psychological capital, psychological empowerment and psychological contract types (relational and transactional contract) were collected at time 1, after approximately two months data on CSE, employees’ attitudes and behaviors were collected at time 2 and whereas supervisory based employees performance data was also collected at time 2. The total sample size for analysis was 411. The findings revealed that psychological empowerment had a positive effect on psychological capital, employees’ attitudes, employees’ behavior and employees’ performance. However, psychological capital were also found to be positively related to employees attitudes, employees behaviors and employees performance. In addition, psychological capital mediated the relationship between psychological empowerment and employees satisfaction, employees commitment, employees turnover intension, counterwork productive behaviors, organization citizenship behavior and in-role performance. The result further shows that core-self-evaluation moderated the relationship between psychological empowerment and psychological capital. The results revealed that psychological contract types (Relational Contract and Transactional Contract) moderated the relationship between psychological capital and turnover intension, counterproductive work behavior and commitment of employees, whereas their as non-significant relationship of interactive effect psychological contract types (Relational Contract and Transactional Contract) and psychological capital was found with OCB, employees’ satisfaction and in-role performance. Future direction and implication of the study are also discussed. Key Words: Psychological Empowerment, Psychological Capital, Psychological Contract, Core-Self Evaluation, Job Attitudes and Behaviors
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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