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افقرؔ موہانی

افقرؔ موہانی
دوسرا حادثہ اُردو کے بزرگ شاعر افقر موہانی کی وفات کا ہے، اپنے معاصرین میں وہ تنہا رہ گئے تھے، ان کی عمر کا اب کوئی شاعر زندہ نہیں ہے، وفات کے وقت ۸۸ سال کی عمر تھی، وہ استاد فن تھے بڑے اساتذہ کی طرح زبان کی باریکیوں پر اُن کی نظر بڑی گہری تھی، اور شاعری میں اس کا بڑا اہتمام رکھتے تھے، ان کے دامن تربیت میں بہت سے شعرا پلے، ان کے تلاندہ کا دائرہ وسیع تھا، صاحب قلم بھی تھے اسی زمانہ میں ایک رسالہ جام جہاں نما کے نام سے نکالتے تھے مگر عرصہ سے لکھنا چھوٹ گیا تھا، مگر مشق سخن برابر جاری تھی کبھی کبھی معارف میں بھی اپنا کلام بھیجتے تھے، حاجی وارث علی رحمۃ اﷲ علیہ کے مرید تھے ان کی یادگار میں ہر سال بڑے اہتمام سے مشاعرہ کرتے تھے، ان کی موت سے ایک استاد فن شاعر اٹھ گیا، رمضان المبارک میں موت یوں بھی ذریعہ مغفرت ہے، اﷲ تعالیٰ اپنی مزید رحمتوں سے نوازے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، نومبر ۱۹۷۱ء)

A New Historicist Analysis of Bina Shah’s Novel a Season for Martyrs

This study is conducted to analyze the novel Bina Shah’ novel A Season for Martyrs, from the perspective of New Historicism. This novel presents history of Sindh blended with fiction. It highlights the main Historical events of Sindh; from the arrival of the British in 1827 and occupation of Sindh by Charles Napier till the assassination of Benazir Bhutto in present century. Shah has narrated the history to show its link with the present political and social situation of Sindh. The novel has focused social and political discourses of Sindhi society such as: Significance of love with the land and people’ faith in mystics. The novel has narrated various myths and tales about famous mystics belonging to Sindh. The novel presents story of Ali, a young media reporter, who faces identity problem because of social and psychological issues but when he realizes that his land needs his services, he becomes political activist. This study analyses historical facts and some social and political discourses presented in the novel. Effort is done to interpret the novel according to the theory. Cultural context and social environment of the author is analyzed by observing facts from her social and personal life. Social and political situation of present era are discussed to find the impact of present situation on the interpretation of the author.

Developing Strategic Plan of a Community School in Karachi, Pakistan

Pakistani school leaders need to move from traditional approach to school development planning, i.e. from some kind of listed short-term operational activities to a more effective strategic planning (Khan, 2008). Hence, the purpose of the study was to facilitate the process of strategic planning in a community school in Karachi, Pakistan which resulted in developing a contextually relevant model of strategic planning for school improvement. For this study, participatory action research (PAR) was employed within the qualitative research paradigm. The data collection tools included document analysis, semi-structured interviews, reflections and field notes. This study had three major stages that were reconnaissance, intervention and post-intervention. During reconnaissance stage, current practices for strategic planning were explored. This was done through document analysis and semi-structured interviews with all the research participants. During intervention, McCune’s model of strategic planning was adapted to develop school’s strategic plan with the involvement of all the research participants which included a principal, parent, school management committee member, two students and two teachers. During the implementation of McCune’s model of strategic planning, research participants wrote their reflections and researcher took the field notes. At the post-intervention stage, semi-structured interviews with all the research participants were conducted to reflect on the overall experience of strategic planning, together with identifying facilitating and hindering factors faced during the process. Furthermore, their views and suggestions for the improvement of the planning process were taken. The findings of the study present a framework for strategic planning for the community schools in Pakistan. Resultantly, the study provides a framework through which community schools in Pakistan can develop their strategic plan involving all the stakeholders for sustainable school improvement.
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