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Chapter 3: An Introduction of Famous Tafasir and Translations Of the 20th Century

Translations of the 20th Century

(1)     Tesīr Al-Qur’ān By Maulānā ‘Abd Al- Raḥmān Kelānī

Author's Introduction

            Maulānā‘Abd al- Raḥmān Kelānī was born on 11th November, 1341A. H/1923A. D at the famous Caligraphic Centre of Ḥaḍrat Kelianwāla, District Gujrānwāla. His respectable father Nūr Ilāhī (d:1362A. H/943A. D) was also a well-known Caligrapher. [1]‘Abd al- Raḥmān Kelānī studied upto Matric (1360A. H/1941A. D). He appeared in a military examination in 1363A. H/1944A. D to serve in the Army and stood first. The Brigadier Examiner lay down a condition that if he shaved off the beard, he would stand selected to join the Brigade but he refused to do so. Like a commoner, he was thus recruited as an ordinary clerk and sent to Rāwalpindī. In 1366A. H/1947A. D, he left the Army to join the institution of Fīrōz Sons and took up his family profession as a Caligrapher. He commenced the writing of the Qur’ān in 1366A. H/1947A. D and by end of 1401A. H/1981A. D, he took down nearly fifty scripts. In 1405A. H/1985A. D, he passed the examination of Wafāq al-Madāris in the 1st division. [2]He authored several books. On 18th December1416A. H/1995A. D, he came from his home to the mosque to say ‘Ish’a prayer in the congregation; bowed down in 1st rak‘at for the 1stSajidah and never got up again to breathe his last.

Tesīr al-Qur’ān

Translation: MaulānāAbd al- Raḥmān Kelānī

Margin (sideline): Ḥāfīẓ ‘Atīq al-Raḥmān Kelānī

Islāmic Press “Dār al-Salām” Wassanpurah, Lāhore

Volume: 686 Pages

Literal or Proverbial Translation

While translating the Qur’ān in its literal meaning and proverbial style, an effort has been made to...

The Effectiveness of Salt Business Empowering Program (Pugar) on Salt Farmers’ Income Improvement in Kedungmutih Village of Demak Regency

Indonesian national low productivity of salt which is unequal between the need level and salt consumption eventually results in salt import made mainly to meet the industrial needs. The government through the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries has released a Public Salt Business Empowering Program (known as PUGAR/Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat). PUGAR is an empowering program focusing on the improvement of job opportunities and welfare for salt farmers/managers to achieve the self-sufficiency of salt for consumptions and industries. This research aims at examining the influence of salt business empowering program on the salt farmers’ income improvement in Kedungmalang village of Jepara Regency; the implementation level of salt business empowering program in Kedungmutih Village of Demak Regency when compared to that in Kedungmalang Village of Jepara Regency; and the influence of salt business empowering program on the salt farmers’ income improvement in Kedungmutih village of Demak regency. The research was conducted using a descriptive method with a case study approach. The program implementation was quantitatively analyzed. Furthermore, the effectiveness of PUGAR on income was analyzed using T-test. The test result showed that there were income differences in Kedungmutih and Kedungmalang Village before and after the implementation of PUGAR. This finding showed that PUGAR was proven as an effective program to improve the salt farmers’ welfare through income improvement.

Evaluation of Biosensing and Antimicrobial Applications of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles

Understanding is on the rise concerning the use of nanomaterials environmental/health management solutions. In the current study, silver and gold nanoparticles (AgNPs and AuNPs respectively) were prepared for this purpose and characterized with UV–visible, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering and zeta potential. First, spherical and prism colloidal AgNPs were capped with poly-L-arginine and tested for their biological activity. Prism shaped AgNPs exhibited stronger growth inhibitory effects against E.coli, P. aeruginosa and S. enterica, where MBC was 0.65 μg/mL), whereas it was 2.7 μg/mL for spherical ones. Maximum mortality percentage of HeLa cell line was 80% for AgNP-prism nanocomposite, capped with poly L arginine and polyvinyl pyrollidone (PLA-PVP) at 11 mg/mL concentration. It was also found that PVP capped AgNP nanoprisms were able to detect mercury (Hg2+) by colorimetric estimation (blue to yellow color); TEM and spectrophotometry revealed the change in morphology of the prismatic to spherical shaped AgNPs; energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) also confirmed the formation of nano-alloy with Hg2+. Linear relationship was found between surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for the position shift of the AgNP nanoprisms and Hg2+ (Conc. 0-5 μmol/L conc.; detection limit, 0.5 μmol/L; pH, 7 – 9). Additionally, AuNP nanoshell conjugates were using for their biosensing capacity for bacteria, such as E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. enterica and S. aureus. by colorimetric method (color change, yellow to red); bacterial concentrations upto 10 CFU/mL could be detected easily. AuNP-conjugates comprised of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) capped AuNP nanoshells , conjugated with the enzyme, β-galactosidase. The bacterial surfaces (bearing electronegative surface functional groups) could electrostatically attract CTAB capped AuNP nanoshells, whereas the enzyme, β-galactosidase was freed meanwhile. Here, chlorophenol-red-β-D-galactopyranoside (CPRG), which is yellow in color, was used as substrate to attract β-galactosidase (freed from the AuNP nanoshell complex), resulting in red chromophore chlorophenol red. With the increased concentration of bacterial cell, more absorption was seen by spectrophotometer, which clearly proved our hypothesis. Hence our studies suggest the possible antibacterial, biosensing, and anticancer applications of AgNPs and AuNPs.
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