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آپ ؐ بحیثیت معلم

آپ ؐ بحیثیت مُعلّم
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
لقد کان لکم فی رسول اللہ اسوۃ حسنہ
صدر ِذی وقار اور میرے ہم مکتب ساتھیو!
آج مجھے جس موضوع پر لب کشائی کی سعادت حاصل ہور ہی ہے وہ ہے:’’آپؐ بحیثیت معلم ‘‘
جنابِ صدر!
’’وہ ہے اسوۂ حسنہ‘‘ اس مختصر وقت میں آپ ؐ کی زندگی کے تمام گوشوں پر روشنی ڈالنانا ممکن ہے میں صرف آپؐ بحیثیت معلم پراظہار خیال کروں گا۔
صاحبِ صدر!
حضورؐ کی سیرت طیبہ پر اگر سرسری نظر ڈالی جائے تو ہمیں وہاں زندگی کی بوقلمونیوں کا ایک حسین و جمیل مرقعّ نظر آتا ہے، وہاں جنگ کی شعلہ بیانیاں بھی ہیں اورصلح کی راحت و رحمت بھی، دشمن نفرت کے انگارے بھی برساتے ہیں اور عقیدت مند اپنی محبت و مودت کے رنگین پھول بھی نچھاور کر رہے ہوتے ہیں۔ ہم نے محبوبِ خداؐ کو حلقہ یاراں میں بھی دیکھا ہے اور حملہ آوروں کے نرغہ میں بھی۔ ہم نے ان کی کاروباری مصروفیتوں کا بھی مطالعہ کیا ہے، اور غارِ حرا میں خلوتوں میں ان کے سوز و گداز کا بھی جائزہ لیا ہے ،ہم نے انہیں اپنے وطن سے بظاہر انتہائی بے بسی اور بے کسی میں ہجرت کرتے بھی دیکھا ہے اور چند سال بعد اس شہر میں فاتحانہ انداز میں داخل ہونے کا منظر بھی ملاحظہ کیا ہے۔ اپنے اہل وعیال کے ساتھ ان کے برتاؤ کا ریکارڈ بھی ہمارے سامنے ہے اور اپنے جاں نثار اور وفا شعار ساتھیوں کے ساتھ حسن سلوک کی تفصیلات بھی ہمارے پیش نظر ہیں۔
جنابِ صدر!
زندگی کے وسیع وعریض میدان کا کوئی کونہ ایسانہیں ہے جہاں حبیب کبریا ؐنے اپنے اسوۂ حسنہ کے حسین و جمیل نقوش نہ چھوڑے ہوں۔ یہ جامعیت، یہ...

The Effectiveness of Salt Business Empowering Program (Pugar) on Salt Farmers’ Income Improvement in Kedungmutih Village of Demak Regency

Indonesian national low productivity of salt which is unequal between the need level and salt consumption eventually results in salt import made mainly to meet the industrial needs. The government through the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries has released a Public Salt Business Empowering Program (known as PUGAR/Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat). PUGAR is an empowering program focusing on the improvement of job opportunities and welfare for salt farmers/managers to achieve the self-sufficiency of salt for consumptions and industries. This research aims at examining the influence of salt business empowering program on the salt farmers’ income improvement in Kedungmalang village of Jepara Regency; the implementation level of salt business empowering program in Kedungmutih Village of Demak Regency when compared to that in Kedungmalang Village of Jepara Regency; and the influence of salt business empowering program on the salt farmers’ income improvement in Kedungmutih village of Demak regency. The research was conducted using a descriptive method with a case study approach. The program implementation was quantitatively analyzed. Furthermore, the effectiveness of PUGAR on income was analyzed using T-test. The test result showed that there were income differences in Kedungmutih and Kedungmalang Village before and after the implementation of PUGAR. This finding showed that PUGAR was proven as an effective program to improve the salt farmers’ welfare through income improvement.

Characterization & Application of Dye Decolonzing Metal Tolerant Bacterial Community for Treatment of Textile Waste-Water

Bioremediation of colored textile wastewater loaded with dyes and metals is a matter of great concern due to the hazardous risks associated with their untreated discharge into water bodies. The present study was conducted to isolate and characterize dye decolorizing metal tolerant bacterial strains for treatment of textile wastewater. For this purpose, 220 metal tolerant bacteria isolated from textile wastewaters coming from different textile industries in Faisalabad were tested for their potential to decolorize four different reactive dyes viz. reactive red 120 (RR120), reactive black 5 (RB5), reactive orange 16 (RO16) and reactive yellow 2 (RY2). Based on the potential to decolorize RR120, RB5, RO16 and RY2 in the presence of a mixture of four heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Zn, Pb), four bacterial strains viz. ZM17, ZM130, ZM160 and ZM183 were selected for subsequent studies. These strain were identified following the amplification, sequencing and bioinformatics analyses of their 16SrRNA, and were named as Raoultella sp. ZM17, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain ZM130, Pseudomonas sp. ZM160 and Pseudomonas sp. ZM183. The selected bacterial strains were found to have varying levels of tolerance against the presence of different heavy metal ions in the media. Moreover, the decolorizing potential of these isolates was found to be decreased with an increase in the initial dye concentration. Furthermore, the interactive effects of four input variables including salt content, pH, C source concentration and level of multi-metal mixture on decolorization of RB5 by the selected bacterial strains were examined following response surface methodology (RSM) statistical modeling. All the four strains were also found capable of simultaneously removing Cr(VI) and all the reactive azo-dyes under study. However, the strain ZM130 was found to be the most efficient among these strains. The strains ZM17 and ZM183 were also found to harbor a dye decolorizing azoreductase Azr gene, whereas, a cadmium tolerant czcABC gene was found to be amplified from the DNA of the strains ZM130, ZM160 and ZM183. Enzymatic analyses of the strain ZM130 indicated that azo-reductase and tyrosinase activities were absent in this strain, however, this strain exhibited considerable activity of laccase and NADH-DCIP reductase activity during the decolorization of RR120. While testing the applicability of the strain ZM130 for treatment of synthetic wastewater, efficiency for color and COD removal of this strain was found to be favored and better in the anaerobic batch bioreactor as compared to aerobic batch bioreactor system. However, presence of yeast extract significantly increased the potential of ZM130 for color and COD removal with attached growth of microbial culture. The potential of the most efficient dye decolorizing metal tolerant bacterial strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa ZM130 for treatment of synthetic colored wastewater containing both RB5 (300 mg L-1) and hexavalent chromium (25 mg L-1) was also tested in vertical soil columns bio-augmented with this strain using sterilized and non-sterilized soil. It was interesting to note that the highest level of color, COD and Cr(VI) removal (˃90%) was achieved in the treatments where the soil columns were bio-augmented either with the sludge alone or the sludge along with ZM130 followed by the strain ZM130 along with addition of yeast extract. Based on the findings of the present study, it might be concluded that the selected bacterial strains, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain ZM130, harbor a varying but highly considerable potential for bioremediation of different xenobiotic compounds including dyes and heavy metals. Hence, this strain could be used to develop the bio-treatment systems (bioreactors) for addressing the problem of azo-dyes and metals in the wastewater.
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