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اختری بیگم [اہلیہ مولانا سعید احمد اکبر آبادی]

[اہلیہ،مولانا سعیداحمد اکبرآبادی]
میری اہلیہ!اختری بیگم کے انتقال پرملال پرجو دو ماہ کی شدید علالت کے بعد ۳۰ / شعبان المعظم مطابق ۱۴/جولائی کوعصر اورمغرب کے درمیان ہوا۔جن دوستوں، عزیزوں نے برصغیر ہندوپاک اوربیرونی ممالک سے تعزیت کے خطوط و ٹیلگرام بھیجے ہیں اورہندوستان وپاکستان کے جن اخبارات نے تعزیتی نوٹ کے ساتھ اس خبر کوشائع کیاہے اورجن اداروں نے اپنے یہاں اجتماعی ایصال ثواب کااہتمام کیا ہے ان سب کی محبت وہمدردی کاتہہ دل سے نہایت شکرگذار ہوں اوردعاکرتا ہوں جزاھم اﷲ عنی جزاء خیرا۔
ساتھ ہی معذرت اس کی کرنی ہے کہ اس حادثہ نے ذہن وقلم کوجیسے مفلوج کردیاہے، چنانچہ برہان کے زیرنظر شمارہ کے لیے جب نظرات بھی نہیں جاسکے تواپنے ناتمام مضامین کے فائل سے ایک مضمون نکال کر بھرت پورا کر دیا ہے ، اس لیے قارئین کلکتہ کے سفرنامہ اورتبصروں کے لیے معذور تصور فرمائیں۔
[سعید اکبر آبادی، ۷/اگست۱۹۸۰ء]

 

Identification of Factors Contributing to Primary Female Subfertility by Diagnostic Hystero-Laparoscopy: An Experience of Private Hospital

Background: Management of subfertility is influenced by the diagnosis of its causative factor. Combined diagnostic hystero-laparoscopy has emerged as an effective procedure in identifying causative factors of female subfertility. Objectives: This study aimed to identify contributory factors to primary female subfertility by diagnostic hystero-laparoscopy. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Hameed Latif hospital, Lahore, Pakistan from December 2021 to May 2022. Data was collected from 344 women with female primary subfertility, undergoing combined diagnostic hystero-laparascopy. All the demographic data along with identified causative factors (tubal blockade, cervical Os stenosis, endometrial polyp, uterine septum, uterine fibroid, endometriosis, peri tubal adhesions and polycystic ovaries) during the procedure were recorded in predesigned study proforma. Data were analyzed through SPSS software 23. Results: Mean age of the patients was 25±5.0 years and the mean duration of subfertility was 3.8+0.55 years. Two hundred and eighty-four (82.56%) patients had abnormal findings, while sixty (17.44%) had normal findings. Out of 284 patients, 94(34%) had one identified factor, while 190 (66%) patients had two or more identified factors for primary subfertility. Polycystic ovaries were seen in 128(37.21%) patients, followed by tubal blockade in 81(23.54%), peri tubal adhesions/hydrosalpinx in 58(16.86%) patients. Conclusions: Diagnostic hystero-laparoscopy is an effective diagnostic procedure for the evaluation of female factor subfertility and may be helpful to gynecologists in devising further management plans.

Biochemical Aspects of Drought Tolerance Induced by Seed Priming in Wheat

Water stress is the major abiotic factor that limits crop productivity. Among various strategies, seed priming is low cost, easy low risk approach to improve the abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. The effects of seed priming with varying concentrations of chitosan (0.1, 0.25 and 0.50 %), sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (75, 100 and 125μM) and sodium silicate (20, 40 and 60mM) on physiological and biochemical attributes in seeds, seedlings and wheat plants under non-stress, osmotic stress by poly ethylene glycol (PEG) and drought were appraised in this study. Seed priming with chitosan, SNP and sodium silicate promoted the activities of proteases, soluble proteins, hydrolases, α- amylase, α- naphthyl acetate esterase activities in the seeds. Moreover, tested seed priming treatments induced enhancement in antioxidant enzymes. Hydropriming induced modulations in seed biochemical processes were generally different and less prominent as observed by other tested priming treatments. In general, tested seed priming treatments brings out the production or activation of enzymes in the seeds that are required for the degradation and mobilization of seeds reserves and defense response. In seed germination experiments, osmotic stress induced by 15 % PEG-6000 adversely affected the seed germination attributes while chitosan SNP and sodium silicate seed priming improved the germination (FGM, GE, VI, GR, MGT and GI) and promoted the early seedling growth under non-stress and osmotic stress conditions. In seedling experiments, chitosan, SNP and sodium silicate priming generally resulted in promotion of early seedling establishment and synchronized growth along with better biochemical and physiological attributes. Osmotic stress increased the peroxidase, protease, α-amylase activities, total soluble proteins, malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, reducing and total sugars while dropped the relative water content in the leaves. Chitosan seed priming improved the osmotic stress tolerance of seedlings evident from adjusted antioxidants activities (POD, CAT, SOD) soluble sugars, improved CMS and leaf RWC and reduced lipid peroxidation. Similarly, SNP priming significantly improved the CMS, RWC, TPC, proteins and reducing sugars while reduced the hydrolases (protease, α- amylase) activities and lipid peroxidation in seedlings providing evidence for lesser osmotic stress induced injury and improvement in stress tolerance. Moreover, sodium silicate (60mM) priming enhanced the POD, TPC, CMS, RWC and reducing sugars while decreased the CAT, protease, α-amylase and SOD activities and MDA content in leaves under osmotic stress indicating improvement in stress tolerance. In pot experiments, drought stress adversely affected the biochemical, physiological processes, and yield in wheat plants grown from non-primed seeds. In wheat plants grown from seeds primed with chitosan, SNP or sodium silicate antioxidants (CAT, POD, SOD and TPC), osmoprotectants (GB, proline and sugars), CMS, leaf water relations (WP, OP, TP and RWC) and pigments generally improved while hydrolyzing enzymes and lipid peroxidation decreased under drought stress. Chitosan SNP and sodium silicate priming improved the grain yield, 100 grain weight and plant biomass grown under drought stress. In conclusion, tested seed priming treatments successfully improved the seed germination and performance and alleviated the adverse effects of osmotic and drought stress in wheat seedling and plants respectively.
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