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روداد ِ عشق رنج کا اک جال بن گئی

روداد ِعشق رنج کا اک جال بن گئی
اوڑھے ہیں درد اتنے کہ اک شال بن گئی

عناية المحدِّثين بالجامع الصَّحيح للبخاري في شبه القارة الهنديَّة

This study deals with a historical overview of the entry of Islam to the Indian subcontinent and the contribution of the companions, successor, and their followers in spreading the Prophetic Sunnah in it. Moreover, It contains a brief historical overview of the emergence of hadīth science، its weakness, renaissance, development, and flourishing, and a study of the attention of Muhaddithūn to the Sahih al-Bukhārī by writing its Shuruh, Taliqāt، Hawāshī, and Tarājim in the Indian subcontinent. It has been proven from the study of the history of hadīth science that after the entry of the Ghaznavids and the Ghurids to this region, the science of hadīth weakened due to the interest of the locals in rational sciences until Sultān Ala’ud-Dīn al-Khiljī (d. 716/1316) period. The scholars began to pay attention to the compilations of hadīth in general and Sahih al-Bukhārī in particular, and the first Sharh of Sahih al-Bukhārī appeared by Sheikh al-Hassan b. Muhammad al-Saghānī al-Lāhourī (d. 1252/650). It was revealed from a historical study of Sahih al-Bukhārī’s related studies in the Indian subcontinent that all were written in three stages. The first stage was the era of the renaissance of hadīth science and the emergence of Sahih al-Bukhari’s Shuruh and Hawāshī in the Arabic language. The second stage was the era of the development of hadīth sciences and the emergence of Sahih al-Bukhari’s Shuruh and Tarājim in the Arabic and Persian languages. Besides, the study proved that it was the era of translation and authorship in the Persian language, which was one of the most widespread languages، understanding, and delivered in the scientific community of the Indian subcontinent. As for the third stage, it is the flourishing of hadīth science and the emergence of a diversity of books about the Sahih al-Bukhārī in Arabic, Urdu, and Pashto. It was discovered from the study that the Urdu language took the place of Persian in the dissemination of legal sciences and the authorship of Sahih al-Bukhārī.

Exploring the Genetic Diversity in Snapmelon Cucumis Melo Var. Momordica Landraces of Pakistan

Among the major cucurbit vegetables, Cucumis melo has one of the highest polymorphic fruit types and botanical varieties. The present study was performed to evaluate the morphological and genetic diversity among different genotypes of Snapmelon (Cucumis melo var. momordica) taken from all the four provinces of Pakistan. For the morphological diversity various plant, leaf and fruit parameters were studied according to IPGRI-1998 plant descriptor. Data of these parameters was recorded in 40 genotypes of Snapmelon collected from different parts of the country. Young leaves of these genotypes were collected for DNA extraction through CTAB method, which was used for genetic analysis by SSR Markers. Principle component analysis was used to indicate the morphological diversity among 40 genotypes of Snapmelon collected from diverse origins of Pakistan. These showed the highest phenotypic diversity between the wild and the domesticated genotypes of Hyderabad and Nankana (tehsils), respectively. The morphological markers concluded the fact that the diversity exists in the landraces of Snapmelon in vegetative as well as in the reproductive characters. Moreover, the morphological markers revealed that most of the landraces of same geographical area clustered differently, which depicts the movement of the germplasm to other areas through various means. On the contrary, the results of the qualitative and quantitative analysis showed that the few Snapmelon landraces collected from diverse regions clustered together which indicate some type of commonality of origin among the germplasm of those landraces. The results of this research also support the view that morphological and chemical contents in fruits are reliable in estimating genetic relationships among the landraces of Snapmelon and can be used efficiently for discrimination. This study showed that Pakistani Snapmelon germplasm is a rich source of variation for traits of economic interests. This conclusion came from the high significant differences among the Snapmelon germplasm analyzed for quantitative variables combined with high standard deviation values and the presence of two or more phenotypic classes per trait. SSR markers were also tested on Snapmelon germplasm which yielded valuable information on the genetic relationships of these landraces. The genetic analysis through principle coordinate analysis and dendrogram showed that the 13 wild landraces were distinguished from all domesticated landraces collected from various regions of the country. In conclusion, the genetic diversity exists in various traits of Snapmelon landraces which can be further exploited to develop new combinations through conventional or biotechnological tools.
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