Search from the Journals, Articles, and Headings
Advanced Search (Beta)
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...

المرتضیٰ ہائوس کی یاد گار تصویر

المرتضی ہائوس لاڑکانہ میں آخری تصویر
ذوالفقار علی بھٹو کی اپنے گھر المرتضی ہائوس لاڑکانہ میں آخری تصویرجو 17ستمبر1977کی رات گرفتاری سے چند لمحے قبل وہ اپنے بیٹے مرتضی بھٹو اور دوست طفیل شیخ کو ہدایات دے رہے ہیں جبکہ باہر آرمی گھر کا محاصرہ کر چکی تھی اس کے بعد بھٹو صاحب زندہ اپنے گھر کبھی نہیں لوٹے ۔
شہید ذوالفقار علی بھٹو کے یہ خوبصورت بچے بہت ہی بے دردی کے ساتھ شہید کیے گئے وجہ صرف یہ تھی کہ ان کے باپ نے غریب کو ان کا حق دیا ،ایٹمی پروگرام شروع کیا اور اس طرح سینکڑوں کام اور بھی تھے جو سرمایہ داروں اور اسٹیبلشمنٹ کو منظور نہیں تھے ۔

 

The Musharraf Formula (Back Channel Formula) and the Resolution of the Kashmir Conflict

The Musharraf formula refers to the resolution formula of the Kashmir conflict which was reportedly agreed upon during the one-to-one backchannel dialogue between Mr. Tariq Aziz, the former civil servant and close aide of the then President of Pakistan, General Pervez Musharraf and Mr. Satinder Lambah, a special envoy of the Prime Minister of India. We now know some of the details of this formula from the article of the American journalist, Steve Coll which he had published in New Yorker in March 2009 and the book of Mr. Khursheed Mahmud Kasuri, Neither a Hawk, Now a Dove which was published in 2015. Prior to this Mr. Musharraf and Mr. Kasuri had already claimed in their TV interviews and press talks that by March 2007 India and Pakistan were very close to resolving the Kashmir conflict. This paper takes the details of that non-paper agreement and tries to study what exactly that agreement holds for the future resolution of the Kashmir conflict. The basic understanding is whenever the Pakistani and the Indian governments will take up the negotiations on the Kashmir conflict in future, this agreement is bound to come up in the talks as a starting reference point. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully look at this agreement and discuss what it entails for the resolution of the Kashmir conflict.

Effect of Phytase Supplementation on Nutrient Digestibility and Growth Performance of Catla Catla Fingerlings Fed Moringa By-Products Based Diets

The present research work was conducted to evaluate the effect of phytase supplementation on growth and nutrient digestibility of the Catla catla fingerlings fed Moringa by-products based diets. The existence of phytic acid in plant by-products decreases the bioavailability of minerals and nutrients to fish, resulting in poor fish growth and low nutrient retention in the body. Moringa by-products such as Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM), M. oleifera seed meal (MOSM) and a mixture of MOLM+MOSM were used as test ingredients to formulate three experimental diets. Each experimental diet was further divided into six groups and were supplemented with graded levels (0, 300, 600, 900, 1200 and 1500 FTU kg-1) of phytase. Cr2O3 was incorporated in all diets at the rate of 1% as a non-digestible marker. The fingerlings were fed at the rate of 4% of live wet weight twice a day and faeces were collected from each tank. On the basis of results it was noted that phytase supplementation showed significant (p<0.05) improvement in growth indices (weight gain%, FCR, SGR), digestibility of nutrients (i.e. crude fat, crude protein and gross energy), mineral absorption, carcass composition and haematological parameters. Results showed that maximum absorption of minerals, nutrient digestibility, higher body contents (protein, fat and gross energy) and best haematological parameters of C. catla fingerlings were noted at 900 FTU kg-1 level of phytase supplemented M. oleifera by-products based test diets. It was further noted that phytase supplementation decreased the discharge of nutrients and minerals through faeces resulting in reduced aquatic pollution. On the basis of results it was concluded that phytase supplementation at 900 FTU kg-1 level was helpful to develop a cost-effective as well as eco-friendly fish feed by using Moringa by-products. Furthermore comparison of Moringa by-products suggested that phytase supplemented MOSM performed as a better alternative protein source for C. catla fingerlings than the other MOLM and MOLM+MOSM ingredients based diets.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.