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ایم ۔مہدی حسن

ایم مہدی حسن افادی الاقتصادی

            ماہ گزشتہ میں ایم مہدی حسن (افادی الاقتصادی) کا انتقال ادبیات اردو کے لئے ایک سخت حادثہ ہوا، مرحوم ایک سحرنگار ادیب اور ایک خاص طرزِ انشاء (اسٹائل) کے موجد تھے، معارف کے افق پر یہ برق ایک سے زائد بار چمکی اور یقین ہے کہ ناظرین کے دلوں میں ’’شبلی سوسائٹی اور معاصرانہ چشمک‘‘ کے لکھنے والے کی یاد ابھی بالکل تازہ ہوگی، مرحوم کو مولانا شبلی کی ذات سے گہرا تعلق تھا، اسی لئے وہ معارف کو بھی بہت عزیز رکھتے تھے اور دارالمصنفین کی مجلس انتظامی کے رکن تھے، ادب و انشاء کا ایسا ذوقِ سلیم رکھنے والے افراد مدتوں میں پیدا ہوتے ہیں۔ افسوس ہے کہ ۲۲؍ نومبر کو یہ ماہتاب کمال پیوند خاک ہوگیا۔ اِنَّالِلّٰہِ وَاِنَّا اِلَیْہِ رَاجِعُوْنَ۔

            گورگھ پور وطن تھا، مشرقی تعلیم کے ساتھ انگریزی تعلیم حاصل کی تھی۔ قرق امینی سے تحصیلداری تک بتدریج ترقی کی تھی۔ نہایت مہذب اور سنجیدہ تھے، مزاج میں نفاست اور لطافت حد درجہ تھی۔ (سید سليمان ندوی، دسمبر ۱۹۲۱ء)

 

            اردو کے لطیف انشا پرداز ایم مہدی حسن مرحوم (افادی الاقتصادی) کی یاد اب تک ان کے قدردانوں کے دلوں میں باقی ہوگی، مرحوم کی زندگی کی خالص خصوصیت لطافت پسندی تھی، جس سے ان کی زندگی کا کوئی شعبہ خالی نہ تھا، رہنا سہنا، پہنا اوڑھنا، پڑھنا لکھنا، سفر اور قیام، خیال اور تصور، تحریر اور تقریر ہر شے میں ان کی یہ خصوصیت نمایاں تھی، مولانا شبلی مرحوم کے لٹریچر کے وہ شیدا تھے، وہ ڈھونڈھ کر عمدہ سے عمدہ لفافے اور کاغذ مولانا کے پاس بھیجتے تھے کہ وہ ان پر ان کو خط لکھیں، جب دارالمصنفین سے کتابیں منگواتے تھے تو فرمائش ہوتی تھی کہ کتاب کی...

Psychological Effects of First Language Attrition on Undergraduate English Level Learners in Faisalabad

For many years, researchers have debated the impact of a learner's second language (L2) on their first language (L1). The general goal of this study is to identify the psychological elements that contribute to first language loss when learning a second language. Because this study is limited to Faisalabad, the first language is Urdu, and the data was gathered from undergraduate English as a second language students. The present study investigates to what degree English, as a second language, learners feel it difficult to communicate in a foreign language environment. English language classrooms of two universities including a private and government-level university have been taken as a sampling frame. Data have been collected through questionnaires which were given to twenty-five (25) students from each university. In addition, semi-structured interviews were done to assess replies. The findings demonstrated that psychological abruptions are a primary cause of the smothering of the first language to the constraints of foreignness and oddity in English Language Learners. The study finds that improved language education rules are required, and students should be able to utilize their first and second languages in day-to-day conversation. The study is useful for improving pedagogical practice in English Language Teaching (ELT).

An Analytical Study of a Sense of Home and Identity of the Protagonist in Rachel Dewosking's Novel "Repeat After Me"

An Analytical Study of a Sense of Home and Identity of the Protagonist in Rachel Dewosking's Novel "Repeat After Me" This study has explored the narrator and protagonist Aysha's sufferings caused by her traumatic past (she underwent her parents' breakup in her teens), and analyzed and interpreted her search for a sense of home and identity in American writer Rachel DeWoskin's novel Repeat After Me. Her parents' breakup is a very painful and disturbing experience in Aysha's life, it estranges the whole family and gives Aysha a feeling of being abandoned. Moreover, she harbors a strong sense of guilt about the whole situation. These unpleasant emotions seriously affect her mental health as well as her personality and behavior, and she feels herself to be an outsider in her family and hometown New York. Nevertheless she is unconsciously seeking for a "sense of home" that is feelings of love, security, peace, belonging, etc, besides she is searching for a strong sense of identity. Her searches help her in the end to cure her own woes and trade her broke life with a better one eventually. This work is a literature-based research. It has been critically analyzed in the backdrop of psychoanalysis and identity theories. Psychoanalysis theory deals with psychological problems and addresses unconscious aspects of the people, and identity theory studies one's perception and expression of "Who one is?" and "Where does one belong?" Based on these theoretical frameworks, the researcher has described how Aysha's past interferes with her present, how she searches for a sense of home and finally gets free from her past, finds a strong sense of identity and understands herself. In addition to analyzing Aysha, the central character Da Ge is also analyzed briefly as he had parallel life experience as Aysha--both come from disturbed and broken families. The results reveal that the experience of family break up can be a terrible hardship for children, it can affect their emotional, physical, as well as psychological well-being. Aysha was hurt seriously, she is constantly searching for a sense of home and identity she lost in her teens. Finally, as a result of her search she overcomes her trauma and manages to lead a happy life.
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