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مولانا مفتی محمد شفیع

مولانا مفتی شفیع صاحب
۶؍ اکتوبر کو ریڈیو پاکستان سے یہ اندوہناک خبر معلوم ہوئی کہ مولانا مفتی محمد شفیع صاحب حرکت قلب بند ہوجانے سے انتقال فرما گئے، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
ان کی طبیعت عرصہ سے خراب تھی، اس پیرانہ سالی میں جواں سال فرزند کی وفات کا صدمہ بھی برداشت کرنا پڑا، کئی بار دل کا دورہ پڑچکا تھا، بالآخر اس بیماری دل نے کام تمام کردیا۔
وہ دیوبند کے عثمانی خانوادہ کے چشم و چراغ تھے، اور یہیں ۱۳۱۴؁ھ میں پیدا ہوئے تھے، ان کے والد مولانا محمد یٰسین صاحب دارالعلوم دیوبند میں مدرس تھے، مفتی صاحب نے ان سے ابتدائی تعلیم حاصل کرنے کے بعد ۱۳۳۰؁ھ میں دارالعلوم کے عربی درجہ میں داخلہ لیا، مولانا مفتی عزیزالرحمن، مولانا انورشاہ کشمیری، مولانا شبیر احمد عثمانی، مولانا محمد ابراہیم بلیاوی اور مولانا اعزاز علی وغیرہ اکابر علماء سے درسیات کی تکمیل کی، مولانا قاری محمد طیب مہتمم دارالعلوم اور مولانا شاہ وصی اﷲ کے ہم سبق تھے، ۱۳۳۶؁ء میں درس نظامی سے فراغت کے بعد دارالعلوم میں درس و تدریس کی خدمت پر مامور ہوئے، اس عرصہ میں دارالافتار کے سربراہ مولانا مفتی عزیز الرحمن کے زیر نگرانی فتویٰ نویسی کا کام بھی انجام دیتے رہے، ان کے انتقال کے بعد ۱۳۵۰؁ھ میں یہ شعبہ خود ان کے سپرد کیا گیا اور بارہ سال تک اس خدمت کو خوش اسلوبی سے انجام دیتے رہے، دارالعلوم دیوبند کی فتویٰ نویسی کی تاریخ میں یہ دونوں بزرگ اپنے علم و فضل اور فقہی و دینی بصیرت کی وجہ سے برابر یاد کیے جائیں گے، ملک کی تقسیم کے بعد مولانا شبیر احمد عثمانی مرحوم کی دعوت پر پاکستان کے اسلامی دستور کا خاکہ تیار کرنے کے لئے مئی ۴۸؁ء میں کراچی تشریف لے گئے، پھر وہیں مستقل طور پر رہ گئے، دارالعلوم دیوبند کے طرز...

Unveiling Self-Cursing Patterns in Sensitive Individuals: A Qualitative Inquiry from a Pakistani Context

Being sensitive means being overwhelmed and easily affected by little things happening in the environment. Sensitivity is usually considered negative trait in humans and sensitive people are being treated negatively and harshly in society, such individuals are usually observed to curse themselves. This qualitative study was designed to explore the meanings and perception of sensitivity. Triangulation of data sources was selected to find the results. This study recruited 21 participants for interview and 56 documents for data collection. The participants in this study were inducted purposefully having ages between 18 to 29 years. WhatsApp interviews, aligned best with the objectives of the research study that lasted from 20- 30 minutes. Data collection was started after the formal approval of research protocol from the departmental research committee. Three veterans of qualitative research were involved in the recording and transcription of data; memos and code book were also incorporated along with the data. Phenomenological analysis for interviews and content analysis for documents were used to analyze the data through the lens of Rubin (2021). Methodological Integrity was maintained through triangulation of data sources. The findings exhibit six main themes; intensive feelings, personality traits, expectations, prioritizing relations, emotions and extreme reactions. Researchers faced an increment in sensitivity during data collection. To deal with this problem few pauses were taken during data collection, so it took longer than usual to collect data. Implications of the study have been discussed.

Recent Advances in Entropy

The main focus of the study is to compare the different entropy measures using exponential and size biased moment exponential distribution. Three different types of entropies have been compared. These entropies are Residual & Past entropies, α order entropies and α,β order entropies. These entropies have been compared mathematically, numerically and graphically. The generalized α order entropies and α,β order entropies for exponential distribution and SBM exponential distribution derived in chapter 3. Residual & Past entropies also derived in this chapter for both distributions. A new entropy has been derived using the hazard rate of the distribution. New entropy (HN1) produced the same result as Shannon’s 1948 entropy produces. This entropy fulfills the additive property of the Shannon entropy. HN1 is an alternate of the Shannon’s entropy. By extending the idea of hazard rate function, three new α order entropies have been derived. These entropies HN2, HN3 and HN4 produces the results same as Renyi’s (1961) entropy, Havrda & Charvat (1967) and Tsallis (1988) entropies respectively. This indicates that hazard rate is an information function. Another generalized α, β order entropy A1 has been derived. This is more generalized form of the entropy. Renyi (1961), Sunoj & Linu (2010), Rao et al. (2004) and Shannon (1948) entropies are the special cases of A1 entropy for different values of α and β. Residual and past entropies also derived for both distributions and compared. There are two new residual entropies A2, A4 and one past entropy A3 has been derived. These three entropies are also in generalized form. Thiswill produce number of residual entropies and past entropies using different values of α, β. A numerical study has been conducted for the comparison. Awad & Alwaneh (1987) introduced relative loss for the comparison of entropies. In this study relative loss of all entropies have been derived and compared. The result of relative loss is negative for majority of α order entropies. This shows that entropy of SBME distribution is higher as compare to the exponential distribution except Awad et al. (1987) entropy measures. Awad et al. (1987) entropies show the positive result which implies that exponential distribution has higher entropy as compare to others. Residual & past entropy also shows the negative results of relative loss and indicates that SBME distribution has higher entropy as compared to others. Statistical interpretation of the entropy and relative loss is not so easy. Higher entropy of the distribution concludes that there is high randomness in the distribution. Graphical trend of the entropies shows the exponential decay for both distributions. The trend of new entropy A3 is exponentially increasing instead of the decreasing. The concluding remarks of the study is in favor of the new entropies. As new entropies produced the results same as old entropy measures. There are some important characteristics of the new entropies. In the hazard rate, denominator will have replaced another probability density function or distribution function, this will produce the comparison method of entropies. When the hazard rate replaced with the conditional probability density function, this is another comparison method for entropies. The derivation of new entropies is difficult if the hazard rate has complicated expression.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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