Search from the Journals, Articles, and Headings
Advanced Search (Beta)
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...

پروفیسر افغان اﷲ خاں

پروفیسر افغان اﷲ
یہ خبر افسوس ناک ہے کہ اردو کے ایک اور خدمت گزار پروفیسر افغان اﷲ خاں صاحب نے بھی اچانک آخرت کا رخت سفر باندھ لیا، ایک سمینار میں شرکت کے لیے انہوں نے دہلی کا سفر کیا تھا لیکن کیا خبر تھی کہ یہ اس دنیا کے آخری سفر کی تیاری تھی، سمینار کے پہلے روز وہ پورے نشاط کے ساتھ مختلف نشستوں میں شریک رہے، دوسرے روز دل میں درد اٹھا جس نے دنیا کے ہر دکھ سے ان کو نجات دے دی، وہ گورکھ پور یونیورسٹی کے شعبہ اردو کے صدر تھے، سکونت بھی اسی شہر میں تھی لیکن رہنے والے اصلاً وہ اعظم گڑھ کے ایک گاؤں خالص پور کے تھے شروع سے ذہین تھے، فراق گورکھ پوری پر جناب محمود الٰہی کے زیر نگرانی پی ایچ ڈی کی سند حاصل کی اور اس شان سے کہ موضوع پر یہ مقالہ خود سند بن گیا، کئی کتابیں سپرد قلم کیں، تاریخ ہند سے متعلق طراز ظہیری ان کی آخری تالیف تھی، باغ و بہار شخصیت کے مالک تھے، دارالمصنفین سے رشتہ اخلاص تھا، آخری بار وہ علامہ شبلی سمینار میں شرکت کی غرض سے یہاں آئے تھے، اتفاق ہے کہ مارچ کے معارف میں ان کا مضمون شائع ہوا، وہ ایک ہمدرد استاد، ہمدرد دوست اور ہمدرد انسان تھے، یو پی اردو اکیڈمی بھی ان کی سرگرمیوں کا مرکز تھی، گوشہ نشین اردو کے خادموں کی خدمت انہوں نے بے غرض ہو کر کی، صرف ۵۷ سال کی عمر میں ان کا اس طرح رخصت ہوجانا اردو کے لیے ہی نہیں، انسانیت اور شرافت کی دنیا کے لیے ایک بڑا حادثہ اور خسارہ ہے، خدا مغفرت فرمائے، آمین۔ ( عمیر الصدیق دریابادی ندوی ، اپریل ۲۰۰۸ء)

 

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL NETWORK SITES AND SOCIAL ANXIETY AMONG UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS.

The study explore the relationship between social media communication and social anxiety among undergraduate students. The respondents were selected using a simple random technique. The data was collected by self-administered interview among 100 undergraduate students in Universiti Putra Malaysia. The Instruments used for data collection includes; Social Anxiety Questionnaire for Adults (SAQ-A30) and The Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Study revealed that Facebook was the most common social media patronized with 36 (36.70%) patronage, followed by Instagram with 33 (33.70%), WhatsApp 19 (19.40%) and finally Twitter with 10 (10.20%). Based on the respondents, most students use the social media for social communications and seeking information. The level of social anxiety among most undergraduate students of Human Ecology faculty in Universiti Putra Malaysia is high because approximately two third of the respondents possessed the higher score in social anxiety level. This implies that most undergraduate students of Universiti Putra Malaysia are up to date in information gathering and the use of social network has helped to facilitate social interaction among fellow students and friends thereby reducing the likelihood of students suffering social anxiety disorder.

Toxicological Assessment of Metallic Nanoparticles

Nanotechnology is among the rapidly growing areas of science and technology with the increasing progress being made in the subjects of medicine, cosmetics engineering and electronics. Metallic nanoparticles have extensive medical, consumer and industrial applications due to their unique characteristics such as high surface-to- volume ratio, broad optical and electronic properties, ease of synthesis, facile surface chemistry and functionalization. Exposure of these particles to humans and other biological systems has aroused global concerns regarding their fate in biological systems resulting in a demand for their toxicity assessment. This thesis comprises of two parts. Part I consists of in vitro cytotoxicity, cell viability, mutagenicity and genotoxicity assessment of iron oxide, aluminium oxide and copper nanoparticles and Part II includes in vivo acute oral (LD50 ) toxicity evaluation (iron oxide, aluminium oxide and copper nanoparticles), in vivo genotoxicity and cytotoxicity assessment of iron oxide, aluminium oxide, copper, titanium oxide and silver nanoparticles. In vivo mutagenicity of titanium oxide and silver nanoparticles was also evaluated. Titanium level was determined in mice bone marrow treated with titanium oxide nanoparticles. Mice were exposed intraperitoneally to iron oxide, aluminium oxide and copper nanoparticles for 14 days to evaluate their blood biochemical parameters and histology. In vitro mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, cell viability and genotoxicity of iron oxide, aluminium oxide and copper nanoparticles were evaluated using tests i.e. Ames test, in vitro cytotoxicity assay, cell viability assay, micronucleus assay and comet assay. For mutagenicity assessment, two bacterial strains of S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 were used. The cytotoxicity to bacterial cells was assessed by using Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis in terms of colony forming unit and optical density. In vitro cell viability and genotoxicity of these nanoparticles were determined using the trypan blue assay, comet assay and micronucleus assay following exposure to monkey kidney cell line (CHS-20). In vivo genotoxic potential of iron oxide, aluminium oxide, copper, titanium oxide and silver nanoparticles was observed in mice bone marrow cells using micronucleus assay and comet assay. Furthermore percentage of reticulocytes in the bone marrow of experimental mice was also determined for the evaluation of in vivo cytotoxicity of these nanoparticles. In vivo mutagenicity of titanium dioxide and silver nanoparticles was observed using Pig-a assay. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was used to determine the amount of titanium oxide nanoparticles that reached the bone marrow. Serum biochemical analysis was carried out using an autoanalyzer and histological changes were observed by using standard hematoxylin and eosin staining method. In vitro toxicological evaluation showed non mutagenic, non cytotoxic and non genotoxic effects of iron oxide and aluminium oxide nanoparticles. Moreover, no decrease in cell viability was observed for these nanoparticles. Copper nanoparticles showed decrease in cell viability, cytotoxicity, mutagenicity in concentration dependent manner and genotoxicity at the highest tested concentrations. The iron oxide and aluminium oxide nanoparticles were found slightly toxic (oral LD50 more than 2000 mg/kg) and copper nanoparticles were found moderately toxic (oral LD50 value 325 mg/kg). In vivo toxicological assessment demonstrated that iron oxide, aluminium oxide, titanium oxide and silver nanoparticles were not genotoxic and cytotoxic. However, copper and titanium oxide nanoparticles were found cytotoxic (decrease in percentage of reticulocytes). Only copper nanoparticles showed a significant increase in micronuclei and DNA damage at a highest tested dose. The results from inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry suggested that the titanium oxide nanoparticles reached the bone marrow, the target tissue for the genotoxicity assays. No changes in serum biochemical parameters were observed in mice treated with iron oxide and aluminium oxide nanoparticles. Serum elevated level of liver enzymes was observed in mice treated with copper nanoparticles along with mild to moderate vacuolation in hepatocytes. The finding of this thesis will advance the knowledge about the toxicological effects and safety of metallic nanoparticles in view of their tremendous applications in various fields of life.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.