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21. Al-Anbiya/The Prophets

21. Al-Anbiya/The Prophets

I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah

The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.

21:01
The time of their reckoning draws ever closer to the people as it starts while experiencing their death,
and yet in their heedlessness of its coming, they keep turning away.

21:02
Whenever a new Message comes to them from their Rabb - The Lord,
they listen to it playfully.

21:03
Their hearts are preoccupied with trivial things.
Yet, concealing their inner thoughts, the unjust/wrongdoers say in their private conversations:
‘Is this Muhammad not a human being like you?
Will you, then, submit to his magic, with your eyes wide open?’

21:04
He - The Prophet – said:
‘My Rabb - The Lord Knows whatever you confer and conspire and, in fact, every word
spoken within the celestial realm and the terrestrial world.
For HE is the All-Listening, the All-Knowing.’

21:05
No way!
‘Instead, they allege:
The Qur’an is just a collection of his jumbled false dreams.
Perhaps he has fabricated it.
Rather he is a poet!’
If this is not the case, then let him bring us a miraculous Sign, as were the former Messengers assigned with Signs.

21:06
Not one of the habitation(s) which WE destroyed in punishment before they had believed.
So, will they, then, be willing to believe or get destroyed?

21:07
And WE have not assigned any Messenger before you except for those men on to whom WE revealed -
so just ask scholars of the Former Divine Scriptures, if you do not know.

21:08
And WE did not make for...

The Prophet Muḥammad (S. A. W) : A Universal Messenger of Peace (An Overview of the Prophet Muḥammad (SAW) ’s Relations With the Non-Muslims

Islām, as the religion of peace and mercy, teaches and preaches peace, justice, tolerance, goodwill and equality among the human beings. Being the trustee of Allāh, man has been prescribed some requirements for the regulation of human conduct. The Prophet Muḥammad (r) is the personification of these teachings and commandments of Allāh. His conduct is “the Perfect Example” and “the Role Model” to be followed by human beings. He has been titled in The Qur’ān as (al-Raḥmah) the mercy for all the worlds. Whatever aspect of the Prophet Muḥammad (r) ’s life is investigated, it is proved to be unbiased and stands as a hallmark for the universal peace, justice, tolerance and equality, not only for the believers, but, for the non-Muslims, even for the worst enemies, as well. The first part of this paper describes the concept of peace in Islām and the role of the Prophet Muḥammad (r) as the messenger of the religion of peace. The second part of the paper focuses on the characteristics of the Prophet Muḥammad (r) as the messenger of peace in every aspect of life. While the third part of the paper is about the study of the historical facts, which discuss the life of the Prophet Muḥammad (r) as a historical figure and there is no doubt in his personality and character.

Evaluation of Acer Pentapomincum for Biogenic Synthesis of Nanoparticles, its Characterization, Pharmacological Importance and Micropropagation

Acer pentapomicum (Family Aceraceae) is commonly known as maple plant. The aim of the study was to evaluate A. pentapomicum for biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles, its characterization, pharmacological importance and micro propagation. A. pentapomicum leaves mediated gold and silver nano-particles were successfully synthesized by reacting 1ml of aqueous leaves extract with different ratios of 1mM AuCl3 and AgNo3 solutions. The synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles were confirmed and characterized by visual observation, UV-Visible-spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared FTIR analysis. Color change from yellowish to dark purple and to reddish brown confirmed the gold and silver nanoparticles synthesis. Gold nanoparticles (AuNps) were stable at 25-35°C, at pH 7-8 and in the presence of millimolar salt (NaCl) solution. Biosynthesized nanoparticles display a characteristic surface plasmon resonance at 568nm (AuNps) and 450nm (AgNps) in UV-Visible spectrum. SEM and EDX analysis also confirmed the presence and synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles with spherical morphology. XRD patterns reveals the cubic, face centered, crystalline nature of gold and silver nanoparticles. The leaves mediated silver nanoparticles, however, were efficiently produced at a temperature range of 35-55°C and an optimum pH of 6-7. The average size of the synthesized gold and silver nanoparticles found to be in the range of 18-25nm. The FTIR analysis of gold and silver nanoparticles affirmed the presence of certain biomolecules (carboxylic acid, flavonoids, phenols) that act as reducing and capping agent for leaves mediated nanoparticles synthesis. Agar well diffusion method was carried out for potent biocidal activities of gold and silver nanoparticles against different bacterial, fungal and candida strains. Both synthesized nanoparticles showed potent bactericidal, fungicidal and candidacidal activities. However, Klebseilla pneumonia with growth inhibition of 91% was the most susceptible microbe to gold nanoparticles. Antimicrobial activities of A. pentapomicum (leaves and stem) extracted with different organic solvents were also evaluated using Agar disc diffusion and well diffusion bioassay. Leaves extracted samples showed better biocidal activities than stem extracted samples. The most susceptible bacterium was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (79-94%) and Escherichia coli (87-91%), while, the least susceptible was Staphylococcus aureus (26-50%). Citrobacter freundi was the most resistant microbe to different plant extracts. Aspergillus niger was the most inhibited fungal species by both stems and leaves extracts followed by Rizopus oryzae. Regarding the antioxidant activity, different plant extracts and its synthesized nanoparticles possessed proficient antioxidant activity. However, methanolic extract of leaves and ethyl acetate extract of stem recorded maximum antioxidant activity. Gold nanoparticles showed better antioxidant activity than silver nanoparticles. When evaluated for phytotoxic activity, all plant extracts proved to be toxic against Lemna minor, revealing Butanol extract with maximum toxicity (87%). The qualitative analysis of different solvent extracted fractions confirmed the presence of various phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, fixed oil, carbohydrates, and proteins etc. A successful micro propagation protocol for the shooting was developed and it was found that full strength woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with BAP + IAA (2+0.5 mg l-1), recorded maximum shoot induction. Based on these results the plant can be efficiently used for safe, ecofriendly nanoparticles production, and as a biocidal, an antioxidant and a herbicidal agent.
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