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بیگم حمیدہ سلطان احمد

بیگم حمیدہ سلطان احمد
یہ خبر بہت افسوس سے سنی جائے گی کہ ۱۹؍ جنوری ۲۰۰۳؁ء کو مشہور علم و ادب نواز اور اردو کی ادیبہ بیگم حمیدہ سلطان احمد کا دہلی میں انتقال ہوگیا، وہ دہلوی تہذیب اور اردو ثقافت کی آخری یاد گار تھیں۔
وہ ۱۷؍ اکتوبر ۱۹۱۳؁ء کو پیدا ہوئی تھیں، دہلی کے محلہ گلی قاسم جان میں نواب احمد بخش والی فیروز پور جھروکہ لوہارو کے چھوٹے صاحب زادے نواب مرزا ضیاء الدین احمد خاں نیر رخشاں کی حویلی میں ان کی پیدائش ہوئی، ددھیال اور ننھیال دونوں طرف سے ان کا خاندان بڑا معزز تھا، بیگم صاحبہ کاننھیالی تعلق نواب مرزا اسد اﷲ خاں غالب سے تھا، مرزا صاحب نے اپنی بیوی امراؤ بیگم کی بڑی بہن بنیادی بیگم کے ایک صاحبزادے زین العابدین خاں عارف تھے جن کو مرزا غالب نے متنبی بنالیا تھا، ان کے ایک صاحبزادے باقر علی خاں کی چھوٹی صاحب زادی رقیہ بیگم حمیدہ سلطان احمد کی والدہ تھیں، ددھیال کا سلسلہ نسب حضرت ابوبکر صدیقؓ سے ملتا ہے، مغل بادشاہوں کے زمانے میں اس خاندان کے لوگ دہلی آئے تھے، اورنگ زیب کی فوج جب آسام کی مہم پر روانہ ہوئی تو اس خاندان کے ایک بزرگ بھی فوج کے ساتھ وہاں پہنچے اور ضلع سب ساگر کے ایک گاؤں میں آباد ہوگئے،ان ہی کی نسل کے لیفٹیننٹ کرنل ذوالنور علی احمد سے جو ایک بہت کامیاب ڈاکٹر تھے رقیہ بیگم کی شادی ہوئی تھی، یہی ذوالنور علی احمد صاحب حمیدہ سلطان احمد مرحومہ اور ان کے بڑے بھائی اور سابق صدر جمہوریہ ہند فخرالدین علی احمد صاحب کے والد بزرگوار تھے۔
حمیدہ سلطان صاحبہ کی شخصیت کی تشکیل اور ذہنی تربیت میں ان کے خاندان کے علمی و ادبی ماحول کا کافی اثر تھا، انہوں نے آزادی کے بعد اردو تحریک کی قیادت سنبھالی اور...

حضرت محمدﷺ کے معجزۂ معراج اور اسراء کے متعلق سرسید احمد خان کا تصور

Amongst other miracles of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), ISRAA and MAIRAAJ are one of the well-known miracles that have been discussed a lot in Sirat-ul-Nabi. This article, therefore, has brought under discussion the occur-rence of this miracle in the light of Qura’n and Ahadith in details.  Furthermore, it has also been discussed whether the occurrence of this miracle was physical or spiritual in its nature.  The concept of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan regarding this miracle has also been discussed; where he support his arguments with reference to some Ahadith, that the entire situation concerning the miracles was merely a dream and this miracle did not take place in physical form. According to him, this is against the law of nature. In this article the explicit concepts of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan have been rejected with the arguments given by the Majority of the Scholars and Muslim thinkers.

The Efect of Silence, and Voice Behaviors, on Citizenship, and Counterproductive Behaviors With Moderating Role of Organizational Identification

At some instances, employees raise their voice while in other circumstances they remain silent. These behaviors affect task and non-task performance of employees. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how organizational silence and voice effect the ability of employees in displaying organizational citizenship and counterproductive work behavior. Furthermore, literature shows that organizational identification plays an important role in determining organizational non-task performance. To evaluate this phenomenon moderation effect of organizational identification were analyzed on the relationships of organizational silence and voice with organizational citizenship and counterproductive behaviors. The moderation effects were also analyzed between motives based sub-dimensions of organizational voice and silence, and individual and organizational based sub-dimensions of organizational citizenship and counterproductive work behaviors. This study was conducted on academic faculty of three public sector universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan selected based on their respective organizational lifecycle stages. Results of the study show that organizational silence and voice negatively effects the ability of employees in displaying helpful non-task behaviors i.e. organizational citizenship behaviors. In contrast, they strengthen the display of harmful behaviors in employees i.e. counterproductive work behavior. The withdrawal and defensive motive based silence and voice has a negative relationship with organizational citizenship behavior and a positive relationship with counterproductive work behavior, while the prosocial motive based silence and voice promotes organizational citizenship behavior and prevents employee to display counterproductive work behaviors. Interestingly positive behaviors directed towards individual (OCBI) are also amplified with withdrawal and defensive motive based silence and voice while repressed by prosocial motive based of silence and voice. xviii Organizational identification was found positively related with organizational citizenship behavior while negatively related with counterproductive work behavior, organizational silence and organizational voice. When employed as a moderating variable the analyses resulted in four primary models. In model 1 and 2, organizational identification strengthened the negative relationship of organizational silence and voice with organizational citizenship behavior. On the contrary, in model 3 and 4 organizational identification dampens the positive relationship of organizational silence and voice with counterproductive work behaviors. Relationships between the sub-dimensions of the dependent and independent variables were also tested for the moderation effects of organizational identification resulting in 24 secondary models displaying varied results. This study provides an insight into the relationships between the variables of social exchange theory and the impact of different levels of identification on these relationships. In this study for the first time organizational silence, voice, citizenship, counterproductive work behaviors and organizational identification were studied together in a mutual relationship. Furthermore, literature is scarce about the said variables being investigated under the methodology employed in this study. Finally, these relationships have been tested at second level analysis by presenting and reporting relationship between the sub-dimensions of the variables. This study hence not only provides a detailed and comprehensive investigation and managerial implication itself but also encourages further wide-ranging investigations into the dynamic interconnections of voice, silence, citizenship and counterproductive behaviors.
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